Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management

Wei, Shibo; Nguyễn, Thanh Tùng; Zhang, Yan; Ryu, Dongryeol; Gariani, Karim

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1185221

Cited by 53 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“… 51 Lifestyle modifications, including dietary management and exercise, are considered the most appropriate approach to improve SO. 47 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Nutrition with Exercise: Fueling the Fight Against Sarcopenia Through a Bibliometric Analysis and Review

Zeng,

He,

Peng

et al. 2024

IJGM

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Objective This bibliometric analysis and review aimed to examine the current research status and trends in the combination of nutrition and exercise training for sarcopenia. Additionally, it sought to provide researchers with future research directions in this field. Methods Relevant publications were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, covering the period from January 1995 to October 2023. The collected publications were analyzed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and Review Manager. Results Out of the 2528 retrieved publications, the United States emerged as the leading contributor in terms of publication volume. The University of Texas System was identified as the most productive institution. Luc J C van Loon emerged as the most published author in this field. Analysis of keywords revealed recent hot topics and emerging areas of interest, such as “gut microbiota” and “mechanisms”. Upon further evaluation, resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation were identified as the most commonly employed and effective methods. Conclusion RT and protein supplementation are widely recognized as effective strategies. Future research should focus on investigating the molecular aspects of sarcopenia. Moreover, the potential therapeutic role of gut microbiota in sarcopenia requires further comprehensive investigation in human subjects to establish its correlation.

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“… 51 Lifestyle modifications, including dietary management and exercise, are considered the most appropriate approach to improve SO. 47 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Nutrition with Exercise: Fueling the Fight Against Sarcopenia Through a Bibliometric Analysis and Review

Zeng,

He,

Peng

et al. 2024

IJGM

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“…17 This score did not include diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia and was expected to be able to evaluate frailty independently of MetS. The participants' frailty risks were categorized as low (score <5), intermediate (score [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], or high (score >15).…”

Section: Outcome and Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity promotes low‐level inflammation, leading to insulin resistance and muscle catabolism, resulting in sarcopenia characterized by decreased muscle mass 10 . Sarcopenic obesity contributes to the risk of frailty and disability in ADLs and IADLs 11 . Moreover, recent meta‐analyses have clarified that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is significantly associated with frailty 12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome on frailty in middle‐aged and older Japanese adults

Nishida,

Yamada,

Sasaki

et al. 2023

Obesity Science & Practice

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BackgroundThe potential for developing frailty exists in middle‐aged and older adults. While obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) increase the risk of frailty in older adults, this relationship remains unclear in middle‐aged adults, who are prone to developing lifestyle‐related diseases.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of overweight/obesity and MetS on frailty development in middle‐aged and older Japanese adults using real‐world data.MethodsThis nationwide cohort study used exhaustive health insurance claims data of 3,958,708 Japanese people from 2015 to 2019 provided by the Japan Health Insurance Association. Participants aged ≥35 and <70 years who received health checkups in 2015 were included. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of body mass index (BMI) and MetS or MetS components (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) in 2015 on frailty risk assessed using the hospital frailty risk score in 2019. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was performed to examine the interaction effects of MetS components and 4‐year weight change (%) on frailty risk among participants who were overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2).ResultsIn 2019, 7,204 (0.2%) and 253,671 (6.4%) participants were at high and intermediate frailty risks, respectively. Obesity and MetS were independently associated with intermediate/high frailty risk (odds ratio (OR) 1.36, p<0.05; OR 1.23, p<0.05, respectively) and high frailty risk (OR 1.80, p<0.05; OR 1.37, p<0.05, respectively) in all participants. Although all MetS components were frailty risk factors, these effects diminished with age in both sexes. Subgroup analysis of patients with diabetes revealed that 5% to 10% weight loss was associated with reduced frailty risk in both sexes.ConclusionsObesity, MetS, and MetS components were independent frailty risk factors in middle‐aged and older Japanese adults. Weight loss of up to 10% over 4 years prevented frailty in patients with diabetes who were overweight and obese.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…Sarcopenia is defined as low skeletal muscle mass, whereas obesity is defined as high body fat percentage. [ 3 4 ] SO was first defined by Baumgartner as a muscle mass index less than 2 SD below the sex-specific reference for a young, healthy population. [ 5 ] SO is a major concern as it is associated with several adverse health outcomes, including frailty, physical disability, cardiovascular disease, fractures, dementia, cancer and increased all-cause mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of SO is increasing rapidly, mainly owing to the aging of the worldwide population and the current obesity epidemic. [ 3 4 5 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hidden Battle Within: Shedding Light on the Co-existence of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity among Participants with Type 2 Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Gujarat

Yogesh,

Mody,

Makwana

et al. 2024

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to abnormal insulin secretion and/or utilisation. Currently, sarcopenia has emerged as a new complication of T2DM, which increases the risk of physical disability, and even death. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) as well as their association with various other factors related to T2DM. Methods: The study was an observational hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among diabetic patients who came to the non-communicable diseases (NCD) clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India, from April 2023 to June 2023. Adult patients with T2DM attending follow-ups were included, with a diagnosis of T2DM for at least 1 year from the date of their electronic medical records, regardless of their mode of therapeutic treatment. They were on regular medical reviews with two or more visits to the study site in the past 1 year. Then a self-structured standard questionnaire was used to collect the data, containing socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, anthropometric assessment (comprising weight, height and body mass index [BMI]), bio-impedance indices like body fat%, skeletal muscle% and handgrip by hand dynamometer. Results: In the study, a total of 404 participants participated. Their mean age was 55 ± 13.5 years and their mean body fat (BF) % was 30 ± 7.4%. BF%-defined obesity was found in 260 (64.4%) participants. A total of 362 (89.6%) had possible sarcopenia, 183 (45.3%) had sarcopenia and 124 (30.7%) had SO. Age (OR: 2.6, CI: 1.7–3.9), duration of diabetes for more than 7 years (OR: 7.5, CI: 3.65–15.4) and BF%-defined obesity (OR: 2.2, CI: 3.6–15) were statistically associated with Sarcopenia, in similar pattern age (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.5–3.7), and duration of diabetes more than 7 years (OR: 18.9, CI: 5.7–62) were associated with SO (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Older age, longer diabetes duration and BF%-defined obesity are associated with an increased likelihood of developing sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Healthcare providers should prioritise regular screening for sarcopenia and SO in elderly individuals with diabetes to facilitate early detection and intervention.

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Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management

Cited by 53 publications

References 98 publications

Combined Nutrition with Exercise: Fueling the Fight Against Sarcopenia Through a Bibliometric Analysis and Review

Combined Nutrition with Exercise: Fueling the Fight Against Sarcopenia Through a Bibliometric Analysis and Review

Effect of overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome on frailty in middle‐aged and older Japanese adults

The Hidden Battle Within: Shedding Light on the Co-existence of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity among Participants with Type 2 Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Gujarat

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