Sarcoptes scabei var. wombati infection in the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus)

Hartley, Matt; English, A. W.

doi:10.1007/s10344-005-0080-5

Cited by 32 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This result concurs with the fact that severely diseased SHNW at the study site were, on average, 9.9 kg lighter than healthy wombats (Ruykys et al, 2009). Decreases in creatinine have also been noted in mangy coyotes (Canis latrans; Pence et al, 1983), European rabbits (Arlian, 1989), and common wombats (Hartley and English, 2005).…”

Section: Clinical Pathologysupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Similarly, lymphocytosis is associated with chronic infection (Clark, 2004), and the rise observed in diseased SHNW concurs with results for mange-infected humans (Morsy and Gaafar, 1989), dogs (Arlian et al, 1997), and cattle (Lö wenstein et al, 1996). In contrast, Skerratt et al (1999) and Hartley and English (2005) found that mangy common wombats had lower lymphocyte values than did healthy animals. Other stressors or variation in infection severity, extent, and duration may explain the discrepancy between the two species.…”

Section: Clinical Pathologymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Other stressors or variation in infection severity, extent, and duration may explain the discrepancy between the two species. For eosinophils, the finding of no statistical difference between diseased and healthy SHNW requires validation, particularly given that eosinophilia was noted in the current study's written reports and has been observed in mange-infected humans (Arlian, 1989), foxes (Little et al, 1998), and common wombats (Hartley and English, 2005).…”

Section: Clinical Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated neutrophils are indicative of bacterial infection in organs (Skerratt et al, 1999) or secondary infections in skin fissures (Hartley and English, 2005), and rises have been recorded in mangy dogs (Arlian et al, 1996), cattle (Lö wenstein et al, 1996), rabbits, foxes, and common wombats (Skerratt et al 1999). Similarly, lymphocytosis is associated with chronic infection (Clark, 2004), and the rise observed in diseased SHNW concurs with results for mange-infected humans (Morsy and Gaafar, 1989), dogs (Arlian et al, 1997), and cattle (Lö wenstein et al, 1996).…”

Section: Clinical Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among Australian wildlife, it is best known from the family Vombatidae, in which it is the major infectious disease (Hartley and English, 2005). In common wombats (Vombatus ursinus), mange is both enzootic and epizootic, and outbreaks can cause significant mortality and substantial decreases in local abundance (Skerratt, 2003b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects and Treatment of Sarcoptic Mange in Southern Hairy-Nosed Wombats (Lasiorhinus Latifrons)

Ruykys

Breed

Schultz

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:We examined the clinical and cellular effects of sarcoptic mange on southern hairynosed wombats (SHNW, Lasiorhinus latifrons) and the effectiveness of a single dose of ivermectin as a treatment for captive and wild animals. Wambats were caught at three sites in South Australia between April and August 2005 and blood and skin samples were collected. Hematology, biochemistry, and protein electrophoresis reference intervals were determined for healthy and diseased SHNW. Diseased SHNW had significantly higher white blood cell counts, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and total protein but lower red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and creatinine. Microscopic investigation indicated substantial hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and fluid infiltration into the dermis and epidermis of diseased animals. Conclusions on the efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin were limited by low sample size (n55, two captive and three wild SHNW) and are preliminary. However, ivermectin effectively treated mild, but not severe, mange in wild SHNW and severe mange in captive animals. This study has implications for the conservation and management of SHNW and the broader Vombatidae family.

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Section: Clinical Pathologysupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Clinical Pathologymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Clinical Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects and Treatment of Sarcoptic Mange in Southern Hairy-Nosed Wombats (Lasiorhinus Latifrons)

Ruykys

Breed

Schultz

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Adaptive interventions for advancing in situ wildlife disease management

Wilkinson,

Richards,

Burgess

et al. 2024

Ecological Applications

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There is a critical need for advancements in disease management strategies for wildlife, but free‐living animals pose numerous challenges that can hinder progress. Most disease management attempts involve fixed interventions accompanied by post hoc outcome assessments focused on success or failure. Though these approaches have led to valuable management advances, there are limitations to both the rate of advancement and amount of information that can be gained. As such, strategies that support more rapid progress are required. Sarcoptic mange, caused by epidermal infection with Sarcoptes scabiei mites, is a globally emerging and re‐emerging panzootic that exemplifies this problem. The bare‐nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus), a marsupial endemic to southeastern Australia, is impacted by sarcoptic mange throughout its geographic range and enhanced disease management capabilities are needed to improve upon existing in situ methods. We sought to advance in situ wildlife disease management for sarcoptic mange in free‐living bare‐nosed wombats, implementing an adaptive approach using fluralaner (Bravecto, MSD Animal Health) and a structured process of learning and method‐optimisation. By using surveillance of treated wombats to inform real‐time management changes, we have demonstrated the efficacy of topically administered fluralaner at 45 and 85 mg/kg against sarcoptic mange. Importantly, we observed variation in the effects of 45 mg/kg doses, but through our adaptive approach found that 85 mg/kg doses consistently reduced mange severity. Through modifying our surveillance program, we also identified individual‐level variation in wombat observability and used this to quantify the level of surveillance needed to assess long‐term management success. Our adaptive intervention represents the first report of sarcoptic mange management with fluralaner in free‐living wildlife and evaluation of its efficacy in situ. This study illustrates how adapting interventions in real time can advance wildlife disease management and may be applicable to accelerating in situ improvements for other host–pathogen systems.

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Road impacts a tipping point for wildlife populations in threatened landscapes

2010

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The conservation of wildlife populations living adjacent to roads is gaining international recognition as a worldwide concern. Populations living in road-impacted environments are influenced by spatial parameters including the amount and arrangement of suitable habitat. Similarly, heterogeneity in threatening processes can act at a variety of spatial scales and be crucial in affecting population persistence. Common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) are considered both widespread and abundant throughout their eastern Australian continental distribution. They nevertheless face many threats, primarily human induced. As well as impacts from disease and predation by introduced species, high roadside fatality rates on many rural roads are frequently reported. We parameterized a model for common wombat population viability analysis within a 750-km 2 area of the northwestern corner of Kosciuszko National Park in New South Wales, Australia, and tested its sensitivity to changes in the values of basic parameters. We then assessed the relative efficiency of various mitigation measures by examining the combined impact from roads, disease and predation on wombat subpopulation persistence in the area. We constructed a stage-structured and spatially explicit model incorporating estimates of survival and fecundity parameters for each of the identified subpopulations using RAMAS GIS. Estimates of current threatening processes suggest mitigating road-kill is the most effective management solution. Results highlight the importance of recognizing the interplay between various threats and how their combination has the capacity to drive local depletion events.

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Sarcoptes scabei var. wombati infection in the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus)

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Effects and Treatment of Sarcoptic Mange in Southern Hairy-Nosed Wombats (Lasiorhinus Latifrons)

Effects and Treatment of Sarcoptic Mange in Southern Hairy-Nosed Wombats (Lasiorhinus Latifrons)

Adaptive interventions for advancing in situ wildlife disease management

Road impacts a tipping point for wildlife populations in threatened landscapes

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