Sargachromenol from Sargassum micracanthum Inhibits the Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Production of Inflammatory Mediators in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Abstract

During our ongoing screening program designed to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of natural compounds, we isolated sargachromenol from Sargassum micracanthum. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of sargachromenol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and the underlying mechanisms. Sargachromenol significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a dose-dependent manner. It also significantly inhibited the protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Further analyses showed that sargachromenol decreased the cytoplasmic loss of inhibitor κBα (IκBα) protein. These results suggest that sargachromenol may exert its anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated macrophage cells by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first study to show that sargachromenol isolated from S. micracanthum has an effective anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, sargachromenol might be useful for cosmetic, food, or medical applications requiring anti-inflammatory properties.

Allium cepaL. and Quercetin Inhibit RANKL/Porphyromonas gingivalisLPS-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Downregulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway

“…Normal inflammatory responses are tightly controlled and self-limiting. Chronic inflammation, however, can lead to an abnormal increase in osteoclastic bone resorption and excessive bone destruction as observed in osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal disease (PD) [ 1 – 3 ]. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells which are capable of degrading bone matrix and play an important role in physiological bone development and remodeling [ 4 ].…”

Diversity of Chromanol and Chromenol Structures and Functions: An Emerging Class of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Carcinogenic Agents

“…Further studies using isolated sargachromenol from different sources confirmed the results obtained by Kim et al For instance, sargachromanol isolated from the marine brown alga Sargassum serratifolium inhibited peroxinitrite anion-mediated albumin nitration with an IC 50 of 5 µM (Ali et al, 2017). Furthermore, the COX-2 pathway was inhibited using 50 µM and 100 ppm sargachromenol isolated from Sargassum micracanthum (Yang et al, 2013) and Iryanthera juruensis seeds (Silva et al, 2007), respectively. Here, the effect sizes of 70 and 84% found by Yang et al and Silva et al, respectively, are comparable with respect to the inhibition of the expression of COX-2 protein.…”

“…Here, the effect sizes of 70 and 84% found by Yang et al and Silva et al, respectively, are comparable with respect to the inhibition of the expression of COX-2 protein. For the respective signaling molecule PGE 2 an IC 50 value of 30 µM was defined (Yang et al, 2013). In addition, inhibitory effects were observed for the expression of iNOS protein (95%) and the formation of nitric oxide (IC 50 82 µM) (Yang et al, 2013).…”

“…For the respective signaling molecule PGE 2 an IC 50 value of 30 µM was defined (Yang et al, 2013). In addition, inhibitory effects were observed for the expression of iNOS protein (95%) and the formation of nitric oxide (IC 50 82 µM) (Yang et al, 2013).…”

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Sargassum micracanthum

“…The study on S. micracanthum related to anti-obesity [17] and anti-oxidation [5,10] has currently been conducted. In addition, Yang et al [28] reported that sargachromenol isolated from S. micracanthum showed anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB pathway in vitro, but they did not evaluate in vivo the antiinflammatory properties. In this study, the inhibitory effects of the ethanolic extract of S. micracanthum on inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.…”