SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease Mitigation: Treatment Options, Vaccinations and Variants

Khamees, Almu’atasim; Bani-Issa, Jamal; Zoubi, Mazhar Salim Al; Qasem, Taqwa; AbuAlArjah, Manal Issam; Alawadin, Sura Ahmad; Al-Shami, Khayry; Hussein, Farah E.; Hussein, Emad I.; Bashayreh, Ibrahim H.; Tambuwala, Murtaza M.; Al-Saghir, Mohannad; Cornelison, Christopher T.

doi:10.3390/pathogens11020275

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 244 publications

(289 reference statements)

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“… 4 , 6 Anakinra has been used empirically across several clinical settings in COVID‐19 and has had positive effects, including mortality reduction. 7 , 8 , 9 As the potential effect of Anakinra is due to inhibition of the pro‐inflammatory cascades, it is likely to lead to suppression of systematic inflammation, control of fever, and inhibition of host inflammatory responses to viral replication in COVID‐19. 7 , 10 Although systematic inflammation may not be significant in all patients, there is evidence of localized hyper‐inflammation in the lungs, making Anakinra an attractive candidate for moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19 infections as concomitant therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anakinra treatment efficacy in reduction of inflammatory biomarkers in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis

Naveed

Sarwar

Ali

et al. 2022

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Introduction Anakinra is being empirically considered for the treatment of COVID‐19 patients. The aim is to assess the efficacy of anakinra treatment on inflammatory marker reduction, including c‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, serum ferritin, and serum d‐dimer levels. Methods Adhering to PRISMA 2020 statement guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across the following databases from December 2019 until January 10, 2022: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. The following keywords were employed: Anakinra, COVID*, SARS‐CoV‐2, inflammatory, CRP, D‐dimer, Ferritin, hematological, laboratory, clinical, trials. The findings were collated and presented in a tabulated manner, and statistically analyzed using Review Manger 5.4 (Cochrane). Results In total, 2032 patients were included (881 in the anakinra and 1151 in the control/standard care group); 69.1% of them were males. Overall, the mean difference from admission until last follow‐up in CRP values was −9.66, where notable reductions were seen in the anakinra group (SMD = −0.46, p < 0.00001, N = 655). Serum ferritin mean values were reduced by 1467.16 in the anakinra group (SMD = −0.31, p = 0.004, N = 537). D‐dimer mean values were largely reduced by 4.04 in the anakinra group (SMD = −0.38, p = 0.0004, N = 375). Conclusion This study finds that anakinra is potentially a strong candidate as an anti‐inflammatory agent to reduce mortality in COVID‐19 patients, specifically in patients with elevated inflammatory biomarkers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 16 , 17 The excessively high rates of death are attributed to severe hyper‐inflammation. 4 , 8 , 16 The aim of this meta‐analysis is to document whether anakinra in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia is beneficial for improvement of inflammatory biomarkers (i.e., CRP, serum ferritin, and d‐dimer).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anakinra treatment efficacy in reduction of inflammatory biomarkers in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis

Naveed

Sarwar

Ali

et al. 2022

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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“…In the report of 14 December 2021, the World Health Organization described the omicron variant as the faster transmissible viral strain than any previously detected one. Up to now, vaccination has indeed demonstrated highly significant efficacy in lowering the rate of COVID-19 severe illnesses and deaths in the general population [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Our findings confirm that the institution of population-wide vaccination programs started in Europe at the end of the year 2020 also provided major benefits in terms of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalizations in weak patients, including those on dialysis [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Dialysis Patients: Epidemiological Analysis and Evaluation of the Clinical Progress

Mosconi

Fantini

Righini³

et al. 2022

JCM

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This study investigated the impact of the fourth COVID-19 pandemic wave on dialysis patients of Romagna territory, assessing the associations of vaccination status with infection risk, clinical severity and mortality. From November 2021 to February 2022, an epidemiological search was conducted on 829 patients under dialysis treatment for at least one month. The data were then analyzed with reference to the general population of the same area. A temporal comparison was also carried out with the previous pandemic waves (from March 2020 to October 2021). The epidemiological evolution over time in the dialysis population and in Romagna citizens replicated the global trend, as the peak of the fourth wave corresponded to the time of maximum diffusion of omicron variant (B.1.1.529). Of 771 prevalent dialysis patients at the beginning of the study, 109 (14.1%) contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection during the 4-month observation period. Vaccine adherence in the dialysis population of the reference area was above 95%. Compared to fully or partially vaccinated subjects, the unvaccinated ones showed a significantly higher proportion of infections (12.5% vs. 27.0% p = 0.0341), a more frequent need for hospitalization (22.2% vs. 50.0%) and a 3.3-fold increased mortality risk. These findings confirm the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in keeping infectious risk under control and ameliorating clinical outcomes in immunocompromised patients.

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“…Different variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported to be associated with variable mortality and multiorgan dysfunction. 27 Second, we did not have specific data about changes in COVID-19 VV ECMO patient management practice between the pre- and post-implementation groups. During this time, the understanding of how to treat and manage these patients was rapidly evolving and some of the individual treatments were based on clinician practice patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased PRESET-Score corresponds with improved survival in COVID-19 veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

et al. 2022

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Introduction The PREdiction of Survival on ECMO Therapy Score (PRESET-Score) predicts mortality while on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of our study was to assess the association between PRESET-Score and survival in a large COVID-19 VV ECMO cohort. Methods This was a single-center retrospective study of COVID-19 VV ECMO patients from 15 March 2020, to 30 November 2021. Univariable and Multivariable analyses were performed to assess patient survival and score differences. Results A total of 105 patients were included in our analysis with a mean PRESET-Score of 6.74. Overall survival was 65.71%. The mean PRESET-Score was significantly lower in the survivor group (6.03 vs 8.11, p < 0.001). Patients with a PRESET-Score less than or equal to six had improved survival compared to those with a PRESET-Score greater than or equal to 8 (97.7% vs. 32.5%, p < 0.001). In a multivariable logistic regression, a lower PRESET-Score was also predictive of survival (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.75, 4.63, p < 0.001). Conclusion We demonstrate that lower PRESET scores are associated with improved survival. The utilization of this validated, quantifiable, and objective scoring system to help identify COVID-19 patients with the greatest potential to benefit from VV-ECMO appears feasible. The incorporation of the PRESET-Score into institutional ECMO candidacy guidelines can help insure and improve access of this limited healthcare resource to all critically ill patients.

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SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease Mitigation: Treatment Options, Vaccinations and Variants

Cited by 11 publications

References 244 publications

Anakinra treatment efficacy in reduction of inflammatory biomarkers in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis

Anakinra treatment efficacy in reduction of inflammatory biomarkers in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis

Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Dialysis Patients: Epidemiological Analysis and Evaluation of the Clinical Progress

Decreased PRESET-Score corresponds with improved survival in COVID-19 veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

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