SARS-CoV-2 and Covid-19 Immunopathogenesis

Boechat, Antônio Luiz; Pessoa, Beatriz; Soares, Carlos Augusto Senne; Barroso, Cecília Tizatto; Vila, David José Conceição; Barbosa, Emanuelly Maria Lima; Seffair, Isabela; Melo, João Victor Oliveira de; Becil, Julia; Rebouças, Maria Polyanna; Rodrigues, Natascha; Freitas, Pedro Henrique; Rocha, Rebeka Bustamante; Rodrigues, Thaise Farias; Ferreira, Vanessa Ruotolo; Ubiera, Rosmery; Dos-Santos, Maria Cristina

doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0020.v1

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…IL-6 levels are also dramatically elevated in these cases and are often derived from neutrophils and macrophages accumulated in the lung. [55][56][57][58] Production of high levels of IL-6, combined with delayed lower IFN, can change Th1 response to Th17 response and therefore declines the efficiency of antiviral activity and increases tissue damage via accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils. 59 Neutrophils and macrophages, through a positive loop, lead to a hyperinflammatory state and cytokine storm.…”

Section: An Overview Of the Immune Pathogenesis Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, overproduction of CXCL10 and CCL7 is connected with the severity and lethality of the disease. IL‐6 levels are also dramatically elevated in these cases and are often derived from neutrophils and macrophages accumulated in the lung 55–58 . Production of high levels of IL‐6, combined with delayed lower IFN, can change Th1 response to Th17 response and therefore declines the efficiency of antiviral activity and increases tissue damage via accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils 59 .…”

Section: An Overview Of the Immune Pathogenesis Of Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…59 Neutrophils and macrophages, through a positive loop, lead to a hyperinflammatory state and cytokine storm. 58,60 As mentioned above, there are other expressed receptors on the T cell surface like CD147, which mediates the virus entering. 61 Besides, SARS-CoV-2 might enter the cells through other receptors or other ways of cell entry including antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE).…”

Section: An Overview Of the Immune Pathogenesis Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complement inhibition: A possible therapeutic approach in the fight against Covid‐19

Deravi

Ahsan

Fathi

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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The complement system, as a vital part of innate immunity, has an important role in the clearance of pathogens; however, unregulated activation of this system probably has a key role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury, which is induced by highly pathogenic viruses (i.e. influenza A viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS] coronavirus). The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which is the causal agent for the ongoing global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), has recently been spread to almost all countries around the world.Although most people are immunocompetent to SARS-CoV-2, a small group develops hyper-inflammation that leads to complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multi-organ failure.Emerging evidence demonstrates that the complement system exerts a crucial role in this inflammatory reaction. Additionally, patients with the severe form of Covid-19 show over-activation of the complement in their skin, sera, and lungs. This study aims to summarise current knowledge concerning the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the complement system and to critically appraise complement inhibition as a potential new approach for Covid-19 treatment.

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Section: An Overview Of the Immune Pathogenesis Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Overview Of the Immune Pathogenesis Of Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Overview Of the Immune Pathogenesis Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Complement inhibition: A possible therapeutic approach in the fight against Covid‐19

Deravi

Ahsan

Fathi

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…During COVID-19, lymphocyte depletion occurs [39]. It is believed that like MERS-CoV, the SARS-CoV-2 could also induce lymphocyte apoptosis.…”

Section: Adaptive Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils to Lymphocytes Ratio and the Prognosisof the COVID-19 Patients

Taghavi-Farahabadi

Mahmoudi

Hashemi

et al. 2021

Immuno

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new pandemic virus, a global concern, and has threatened human health. This virus binds to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) that is expressed on different cells, especially on the alveolar cells. So the virus can enter the lung cells and causes respiratory syndromes. In Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is caused by SARS-CoV-2, respiratory failure, and acute inflammation is the main cause of death. According to several reports, multiple factors, such as Neutrophils to Lymphocytes Ratio (NLR) have prognostic potentials in COVID-19. This study aims to review this parameter to have a better prediction about the condition of the patients and their treatments. According to this review, the NLR ratio that is related to the innate immune responses and inflammation can be helpful in the discrimination of severe from non-severe cases of COVID-19 patients.

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SARS-CoV-2 and Covid-19 Immunopathogenesis

Cited by 2 publications

References 107 publications

Complement inhibition: A possible therapeutic approach in the fight against Covid‐19

Complement inhibition: A possible therapeutic approach in the fight against Covid‐19

Neutrophils to Lymphocytes Ratio and the Prognosisof the COVID-19 Patients

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