SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1: Should HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa Be Considered a Priority Group for the COVID-19 Vaccines?

Mandala, Wilson L.; Liu, Michael K. P.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.797117

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…In South Africa, a study ascertained that HIV-1 controllers and progressors may have significant implications for the risk and treatment of COVID-19 among people who are living with HIV ( 30 ). As such, it has been recommended that there is need to make people living with HIV a priority group for COVID-19 vaccination ( 31 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersecting epidemics: COVID-19 and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review (2020-2022)

Tapera

Odimegwu

Petlele

et al. 2023

J. Public Health Afr.

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Background. There has been significant progress with regards to winning the fight against HIV globally, particularly due to the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART). COVID-19 threatened to derail gains in the fight against HIV. As we have started to see with studies on COVID-19 and HIV, there is a need to "provide an in-depth view" in understanding the dynamics between the two epidemics, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We, therefore, undertook a systemic review of existing literature to synthesize the effects of COVID-19 on the utilization of HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa, the literature on the risks associated with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic, and lastly, the innovations and strategies adopted to continue receiving treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of studies published between 2020 and April 2022. We searched for relevant sub-Saharan studies in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, J-STOR, and Science Direct. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search identified 647 papers, and after screening, 41 were in line with the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Results. There was evidence of the negative effects of COVID-19 on reducing HIV testing, ART treatment, and HIV prevention services. There is evidence pointing to the need for people living with HIV to be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccinations. Innovations and strategies implemented to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on HIV services include community-based ART distribution, multi-month ART dispensing, the use of digital technologies, and the use of the already existing HIV infrastructure to fight COVID-19. Conclusion. It is still imperative that future studies explore the predictors of utilization of HIV services in the advent of COVID-19.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersecting epidemics: COVID-19 and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review (2020-2022)

Tapera

Odimegwu

Petlele

et al. 2023

J. Public Health Afr.

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“…In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is worth considering similar mechanisms that have been at work during the continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from undefined animal to human hosts and the generation of ever more efficient variants during the current unabated COVID-19 pandemic. Of interest to note, SARS-CoV-2 -superinfected HIV -positive, often immunocompromised individuals (compare our Figure 2 A) have been purported as possible driving forces in the emergence of the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitous Micro-Modular Homologies among Genomes from Viruses to Bacteria to Human Mitochondrial DNA: Platforms for Recombination during Evolution?

Weber

Ramirez

Doerfler

2022

Viruses

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The emerging Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants have raised tantalizing questions about evolutionary mechanisms that continue to shape biology today. We have compared the nucleotide sequence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA to that of genomes of many different viruses, of endosymbiotic proteobacterial and bacterial DNAs, and of human mitochondrial DNA. The entire 4,641,652 nt DNA sequence of Escherichia coli K12 has been computer-matched to SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Numerous, very similar micro-modular clusters of 3 to 13 nucleotides lengths were detected with sequence identities of 40 to >50% in specific genome segments between SARS-CoV-2 and the investigated genomes. These clusters were part of patch-type homologies. Control sequence comparisons between 1000 randomly computer-composed sequences of 29.9 kb and with the A, C, G, T base composition of SARS-CoV-2 genome versus the reference Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 sequence showed similar patterns of sequence homologies. The universal A, C, G, T genetic coding mode might have succeeded in evolution due in part to its built-in capacity to select for a substantial reservoir of micro-modular domains and employ them as platforms for integrative recombination. Their role in SARS-CoV-2 interspecies transition and the generation of variants appears likely, but their actual involvement will require detailed investigations.

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“…The recent developments in the use of DNA and mRNA vaccines provide a great opportunity to fast-track the development and production of new and more efficacious vaccines for diseases that have been in existence for years such as TB and malaria. The recent establishment of the mRNA Vaccine Technology Transfer hub in South Africa [90] is a good example of how this technology can be fully utilized for new vaccine development and testing in countries where the diseases of interest are more prevalent and economically relevant thereby eliminating the recently observed vaccine equity during a pandemic setting [90,91].…”

Section: Author Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Silver Lining of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Fast-Tracked Vaccine Production and Approval

Mandala¹

2023

COVID-19 Vaccines - Current State and Perspectives

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From the time when the smallpox vaccine was successfully produced in 1798, vaccines have proven to be the most reliable means for preventing and controlling most infectious diseases because they significantly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with life-threatening infectious diseases. During the pre-COVID-19 era, the development, testing, and final approval for vaccines would take as long as thirty years and this was regarded as a normal procedure by most regulatory bodies. However, the devastating COVID-19 pandemic witnessed the development and approval of several vaccines in just six months from when the first SARS-CoV-2 case was reported in Wuhan, China. The speed and apparent ease with which the COVID-19 vaccines have been produced and approved has introduced a paradigm shift in the vaccinology field, creating an environment within which the production of vaccines for most infectious disease now seems possible. This chapter delves into the vaccine production and approval process and discusses the benefits of vaccines, the types of vaccines, and how they work. It also explores how lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic can contribute toward the expedited development, trial, and approval of vaccines against other devastating diseases of equally high, if not higher, mortality rates such as HIV/AIDS, TB, and malaria.

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SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1: Should HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa Be Considered a Priority Group for the COVID-19 Vaccines?

Cited by 4 publications

References 80 publications

Intersecting epidemics: COVID-19 and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review (2020-2022)

Intersecting epidemics: COVID-19 and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review (2020-2022)

Ubiquitous Micro-Modular Homologies among Genomes from Viruses to Bacteria to Human Mitochondrial DNA: Platforms for Recombination during Evolution?

The Silver Lining of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Fast-Tracked Vaccine Production and Approval

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