SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and the Endocrine System

Lundholm, Michelle D.; Poku, Caroline; Emanuele, Nicholas V.; Emanuele, Mary Ann; López, N. Sanchís

doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaa144

Cited by 47 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…COVID-19 may cause metabolic dysregulations in the entire endocrine system ranging from thyroid disease, adrenal disease, gonadal axis, and especially with the pancreas leading to glucose dysregulations such as diabetes ( 13 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DKA in patients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus related to COVID-19: a case series

Ramos-Yataco

Meza

Farfán-García³

et al. 2021

Endocrinology, Diabetes &Amp; Metabolism Case Reports

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Summary The first case of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Peru was reported on March 6, 2020. As of September 7, 2020, about 700 000 cases of COVID-19 resulting in 29,976 deaths have been confirmed by the Ministry of Health. Among COVID-19 patients with co-morbidities, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recognized as a risk factor for severe disease. Patients with T2DM may experience diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic (HHS) if infected with the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Regular blood analysis including arterial blood gas is essential in monitoring the care of patients with T2DM infected with COVID-19. We report five cases of DKA in patients with underlying T2DM that presented with severe COVID-19 infection. Learning points COVID-19 may cause acute metabolic dysregulations in patients with T2DM. It is important to monitor basic metabolic panel (BMP) and arterial blood gases (ABGs) in patients with COVID-19 since metabolic complications can develop unexpectedly. Patients with T2DM develop an inflammatory syndrome characterized by severe insulin resistance and B cell dysfunction that can lead to DKA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DKA in patients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus related to COVID-19: a case series

Ramos-Yataco

Meza

Farfán-García³

et al. 2021

Endocrinology, Diabetes &Amp; Metabolism Case Reports

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“…In addition, pathological changes in the renal [ 1 , 16 , 27 , 33 , 37 , 38 ], gastrointestinal, hepatic, pancreatic [ 1 , 16 , 27 , 31 , 39 , 40 ] and nervous systems [ 1 , 27 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] have been described. Disturbances of the eyes [ 1 , 44 ], endocrine [ 45 , 46 ] and reproductive functions [ 31 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], skeletal muscles [ 1 , 33 , 48 ] and skin [ 1 , 49 , 50 ] occur as well (for details, see Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Mode Of Infection and Symptoms Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities, Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Cannabidiol as an Adjuvant Drug in COVID-19

Malinowska

Baranowska-Kuczko

Kicman

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may lead to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which, in turn, may be associated with multiple organ dysfunction. In this review, we present advantages and disadvantages of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid from the cannabis plant, as a potential agent for the treatment of COVID-19. CBD has been shown to downregulate proteins responsible for viral entry and to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. Preclinical studies have demonstrated its effectiveness against diseases of the respiratory system as well as its cardioprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-convulsant properties, that is, effects that may be beneficial for COVID-19. Only the latter two properties have been demonstrated in clinical studies, which also revealed anxiolytic and antinociceptive effects of CBD (given alone or together with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol), which may be important for an adjuvant treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with COVID-19 and to limit post-traumatic stress symptoms. However, one should be aware of side effects of CBD (which are rarely serious), drug interactions (also extending to drugs acting against COVID-19) and the proper route of its administration (vaping may be dangerous). Clearly, further clinical studies are necessary to prove the suitability of CBD for the treatment of COVID-19.

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“…Patients with CD can experience many comorbidities, which can in turn increase complication(s) risk if patients with CD become infected with COVID-19 (1,5). It has been recognized that the severity of COVID-19 is higher in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (16) Moreover, COVID-19 might increase the risk of hyperglycemia, which can modulate immune and inflammatory responses, thus worsening the risk of severe disease (17). Complicating the picture even more, many medications used for COVID-19 treatment can affect glucose metabolism, particularly with preexisting DM; thus, both glucose monitoring and individualized management are usually needed for patients with DM and/or hypertension (16).…”

Section: Cushing's Disease (Cd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary Disorders and COVID-19, Reimagining Care: The Pandemic A Year and Counting

Fleseriu

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and the Endocrine System

Cited by 47 publications

References 100 publications

DKA in patients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus related to COVID-19: a case series

DKA in patients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus related to COVID-19: a case series

Opportunities, Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Cannabidiol as an Adjuvant Drug in COVID-19

Pituitary Disorders and COVID-19, Reimagining Care: The Pandemic A Year and Counting

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