SARS-CoV-2 detection in human milk: a systematic review

Kumar, Jogender; Meena, Jitendra; Yadav, Arushi; Kumar, Praveen

doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1882984

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar findings have been reported by Raschetti, et al [4], wherein lack of mother-neonate separation from birth was associated with late SARS-CoV-2 infections, while breastfeeding was not associated with increased risk. Recent systematic reviews have found a very low rate of detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in breastmilk, with a much higher prevalence of antibodies to the virus in the breastmilk [16,17]. The World Health Organization recommends that neonates should be roomed-in with mother and exclusively breastfed while following precautions to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection to neonates [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Neonates Born to Mothers With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) — National Neonatology Forum (NNF) India COVID-19 Registry

Kumar

Chawla

et al. 2021

Indian Pediatr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Limited evidence exists on perinatal transmission and outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in neonates. Objective To describe clinical outcomes and risk factors for transmission in neonates born to mothers with perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design Prospective cohort of suspected and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infected neonates entered in National Neonatology Forum (NNF) of India registry. Subjects Neonates born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infection within two weeks before or two days after birth and neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Outcomes Incidence and risk factors of perinatal transmission. Results Among 1713 neonates, SARS-CoV-2 infection status was available for 1330 intramural and 104 extramural neonates. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was reported in 144 intramural and 39 extramural neonates. Perinatal transmission occurred in 106 (8%) and horizontal transmission in 21 (1.5%) intramural neonates. Neonates roomed-in with mother had higher transmission risk (RR1.16, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4; P =0.01). No association was noted with the mode of delivery or type of feeding. The majority of neonates positive for SARS-CoV2 were asymptomatic. Intramural SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates were more likely to be symptomatic (RR 5, 95%CI 3.3 to 7.7; P <0.0001) and need resuscitation (RR 2, 95%CI 1.0 to 3.9; P =0.05) compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative neonates. Amongst symptomatic neonates, most morbidities were related to prematurity and perinatal events. Conclusion Data from a large cohort suggests perinatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased morbidity in infected infants.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Neonates Born to Mothers With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) — National Neonatology Forum (NNF) India COVID-19 Registry

Kumar

Chawla

et al. 2021

Indian Pediatr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 28 Another systematic review reported that SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in breast milk was 2.16%. 29 The biggest study to date included 110 women in the USA (n=65 testing positive for SARS-CoV-2) and showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present in 6% of the milk samples; however, no infectious viral particles could be isolated by cell culture. 8 By using SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 surrogates and a non-enveloped viral model (MgV), we define the analytical performance (eg, recovery and LoD) of a specific protocol able to efficiently isolate and detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in breast milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody detection in breast milk from a prospective multicentre study in Spain

Bäuerl

Randazzo

Sánchez

et al. 2021

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesTo develop and validate a specific protocol for SARS-CoV-2 detection in breast milk matrix and to determine the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on the presence, concentration and persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.Design and patientsThis is a prospective, multicentre longitudinal study (April–December 2020) in 60 mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or who have recovered from COVID-19. A control group of 13 women before the pandemic were also included.SettingSeven health centres from different provinces in Spain.Main outcome measuresPresence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in breast milk, targeting the N1 region of the nucleocapsid gene and the envelope (E) gene; presence and levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins (Igs)—IgA, IgG and IgM—in breast milk samples from patients with COVID-19.ResultsAll breast milk samples showed negative results for presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We observed high intraindividual and interindividual variability in the antibody response to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for each of the three isotypes IgA, IgM and IgG. Main Protease (MPro) domain antibodies were also detected in milk. 82.9% (58 of 70) of milk samples were positive for at least one of the three antibody isotypes, with 52.9% of these positive for all three Igs. Positivity rate for IgA was relatively stable over time (65.2%–87.5%), whereas it raised continuously for IgG (from 47.8% for the first 10 days to 87.5% from day 41 up to day 206 post-PCR confirmation).ConclusionsOur study confirms the safety of breast feeding and highlights the relevance of virus-specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody transfer. This study provides crucial data to support official breastfeeding recommendations based on scientific evidence.Trial registration numberNCT04768244.

show abstract

“…Viral RNA was detected in milk for 4 consecutive days, and its presence coincided with mild COVID-19 symptoms and a SARS-CoV-2-positive diagnostic test for the newborn. However, whether the newborn was infected by breastfeeding or by other modes of transmission remains unclear[ 76 ]. In another study performed on two participants, only 50% of human milk samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, suggesting that the virus is shed intermittently in the milk[ 77 ].…”

Section: Under Pandemic Conditions Breastfeeding Provides the Best Seeding Of The Gm For Newbornsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in a population highly affected by obesity and type 2 diabetes and susceptibility to COVID-19

García‐Mena¹,

Corona-Cervantes²,

Cuervo-Zanatta³

et al. 2021

WJG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it is currently causing a catastrophic pandemic affecting humans worldwide. This disease has been lethal for approximately 3.12 million people around the world since January 2020. Globally, among the most affected countries, Mexico ranks third in deaths after the United States of America and Brazil. Although the high number of deceased people might also be explained by social aspects and lifestyle customs in Mexico, there is a relationship between this high proportion of deaths and comorbidities such as high blood pressure (HBP), type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The official epidemiological figures reported by the Mexican government have indicated that 18.4% of the population suffers from HBP, close to 10.3% of adults suffer from type 2 diabetes, and approximately 36.1% of the population suffers from obesity. Disbalances in the gut microbiota (GM) have been associated with these diseases and with COVID-19 severity, presumably due to inflammatory dysfunction. Recent data about the association between GM dysbiosis and metabolic diseases could suggest that the high levels of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 morbidity in the Mexican population are primarily due to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.

show abstract

SARS-CoV-2 detection in human milk: a systematic review

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

Outcomes of Neonates Born to Mothers With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) — National Neonatology Forum (NNF) India COVID-19 Registry

Outcomes of Neonates Born to Mothers With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) — National Neonatology Forum (NNF) India COVID-19 Registry

SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody detection in breast milk from a prospective multicentre study in Spain

Gut microbiota in a population highly affected by obesity and type 2 diabetes and susceptibility to COVID-19

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About