SARS-CoV-2: Emerging Role in the Pathogenesis of Various Thyroid Diseases

Murugan, Avaniyapuram Kannan; Alzahrani, Ali S.

doi:10.2147/jir.s332705

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(262 reference statements)

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“…All cases were successfully treated and completely recovered [ 79 ]. Thyroid cells express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor named angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as well as transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) facilitating the virus infectivity [ 80 ]. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 can directly attack the thyroid tissue, leading to gland dysfunction during and after COVID-19.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Covid-19 Vaccination-induced Thyroid Dysfunctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid dysfunction following vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines: a basic review of the preliminary evidence

Jafarzadeh

Nemati

Jafarzadeh

et al. 2022

J Endocrinol Invest

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Purpose The safety and efficacy of the several types of COVID-19 vaccines, including mRNA-based, viral vector-based, and inactivated vaccines, have been approved by WHO. The vaccines can confer protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection through induction of the anti-spike protein neutralizing antibodies. However, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been associated with very rare complications, such as thyroid disorders. This review was conducted to highlight main features of thyroid abnormalities following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods A comprehensive search within electronic databases was performed to collect reports of thyroid disorders after vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines. Results Among 83 reported cases including in this review, the most cases of thyroid abnormalities were observed after vaccination with mRNA-based vaccines (68.7%), followed by viral vector vaccines (15.7%) and 14.5% cases following inactivated vaccines. Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) was the most common COVID-19 vaccination-related thyroid disease, accounting for 60.2% of all cases, followed by Graves' disease (GD) with 25.3%. Moreover, some cases with focal painful thyroiditis (3.6%), silent thyroiditis (3.6%), concurrent GD and SAT (2.4%), thyroid eye disease (1.2%), overt hypothyroidism (1.2%), atypical subacute thyroiditis (1.2%), and painless thyroiditis with TPP (1.2%) were also reported. Overall, in 58.0% of SAT cases and in 61.9% of GD cases, the onset of the symptoms occurred following the first vaccine dose with a median of 10.0 days (ranged: 3–21 days) and 10.0 days (ranged: 1–60 days) after vaccination, respectively. Moreover, 40.0% of SAT patients and 38.1% of GD patients developed the symptoms after the second dose with a median of 10.5 days (ranged: 0.5–37 days) and 14.0 days (ranged: 2–35 days) after vaccination, respectively. Conclusion Fortunately, almost all cases with COVID-19 vaccination-associated thyroid dysfunctions had a favorable outcome following therapy. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccinations in terms of terminating the pandemic and/or reducing mortality rates can exceed any risk of infrequent complications such as a transient thyroid malfunction.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Covid-19 Vaccination-induced Thyroid Dysfunctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid dysfunction following vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines: a basic review of the preliminary evidence

Jafarzadeh

Nemati

Jafarzadeh

et al. 2022

J Endocrinol Invest

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“…This is also true for thyroid follicular cells that express the ACE-2 receptor that SARS-CoV-2 uses to enter the cells [ 16 ]. There are reports in the literature of cases of GD, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and subacute thyroiditis developing in the post-COVID-19 period [ 3 ]. Likewise, some autoimmune/inflammatory thyroiditis cases thought to be associated with immunization against COVID-19 are still being reported, with the first GD cases reported in May 2021 [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this point of view, the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-associated autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) can be expected. Indeed, some cases of GD and other AITD have been reported following SARS-CoV-2 infection and its immunization [ [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] ]. When considering the pre-COVID-19 period, in a case report published after the H1N1 pandemic, two newly-diagnosed autoimmune diseases (GD and narcolepsy type 1) had been detected following H1N1 vaccination in a 40-year-old female patient [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapsed and newly diagnosed Graves’ disease due to immunization against COVID-19: A case series and review of the literature

Bostan

Uçan

Kızılgül

et al. 2022

Journal of Autoimmunity

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“…Against the background of reports on the possibility of provoking the development of atypical subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain thyroiditis) and Graves' disease [10,15], there is a good opinion that pathological changes in the thyroid gland may be signs of direct action of the virus. The course of such changes and their consequences can be largely determined by the state of the thyroid gland itself, as it plays a leading role in all types of metabolism, growth processes and differentiation of tissues [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pandemic Encourages to Deepen the Study of the Thyroid Gland: Correlation Portraits as a Means of Research in Different Directions of Follicular Thyrocytes Activities

Ryabukha

2022

SSPMPM

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In COVID-19, the thyroid gland can play a significant role both in the clinical course of the disease and in the processes of postcovid recovery. Based on the importance of the thyroid gland for the vital functions of the body, information on the etiology of the most common types of thyroid pathology is considered. It is established that the disclosure of the deep essence of the processes occurring in the thyroid gland in normal and pathology is possible on the basis of innovative use of correlation analysis with the designing of correlation portraits to study the main activities of follicular thyrocytes.

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SARS-CoV-2: Emerging Role in the Pathogenesis of Various Thyroid Diseases

Cited by 43 publications

References 157 publications

Thyroid dysfunction following vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines: a basic review of the preliminary evidence

Thyroid dysfunction following vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines: a basic review of the preliminary evidence

Relapsed and newly diagnosed Graves’ disease due to immunization against COVID-19: A case series and review of the literature

COVID-19 Pandemic Encourages to Deepen the Study of the Thyroid Gland: Correlation Portraits as a Means of Research in Different Directions of Follicular Thyrocytes Activities

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