SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 During Pregnancy: A Multidisciplinary Review

Narang, Kavita; Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L.; Gunaratne, Madugodaralalage D. S. K.; Ibirogba, Eniola R.; Trad, Ayssa Teles Abrão; Elrefaei, Amro; Theiler, Regan N.; Ruano, Rodrigo; Szymanski, Linda M.; Chakraborty, Rana; Garovic, Vesna D.

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.011

Cited by 245 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Clinical manifestations appeared in SARS-CoV-2 pregnant patients did not differ from those appeared in non-pregnant patients [155,161], however, in some cases severe complications effected pregnant women and fetuses causing premature births, fetal distress, Premature rupture of fetal membrane, Cesarean section [159], and maternal acute renal impairment, renal dysfunction, and renal failure [161][162][163]. It was also observed that upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, ACE2 receptor was downregulated thus lowering the level of Angiotensin 1-7 which can mimic or worsen preeclampsia [164].…”

Section: Pregnant Women and Neonatesmentioning

confidence: 86%

SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Binding hACE2: Viral Entry, Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Al-Zaidan¹,

Mestiri²,

Raza³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Pneumonia cases of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China, were reported to the WHO on 31st of December 2019. Later the pathogen was reported to be a novel coronavirus designated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is a novel pathogenic beta coronavirus that infects humans causing severe respiratory illness. However, multifarious factors can contribute to the susceptibility to COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality such as age, gender and underlying comorbidities. Importantly, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells is mediated via ACE2 receptor. However, ACE2 receptor binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 is 4 folds higher than that to SARS-CoV. Identification of different aspects such as binding affinity, differential antigenic profiles of spike glycoproteins, and ACE2 polymorphisms might influence the investigation of potential therapeutic strategies targeting SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 binding interface. Here we aim to elaborate on SARS-CoV-2 S1/ACE2 ligand that facilitates viral internalization as well as to highlight the differences between SARS-CoVs binding affinity to ACE2. We also discuss the possible immunogenic sequences of spike glycoprotein and the effect of ACE2 polymorphism on viral binding/infectivity and host susceptibility to disease. Furthermore, targeting of ACE2 will be discussed to understand its role in therapeutics.

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Section: Pregnant Women and Neonatesmentioning

confidence: 86%

SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Binding hACE2: Viral Entry, Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Al-Zaidan¹,

Mestiri²,

Raza³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The circulating higher levels of mater- [24]. In fact, SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is upregulated in normal pregnancy [25]. For the placenta-related pathology, we will focus our discussion on the temporal expression of ACE2 throughout gestation for possible propagation of SARS-CoV-2 in the placenta in infected women and ensuing consequences [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While, previous study, was not promoting the use typical D-dimer rise during gestation as indicator for unfavorable prognosis in pregnancy [66], recent study, justified a significant D-dimer elevation (cutoff; 3-4fold above ULN) as clear indication for hospital admission irrespective of absence of other suggestive symptoms [77]. Upon binding to ACE2, SARS-CoV-2 causes its downregulation, thus lowering angiotensin-(1-7) levels, which can mimic/worsen the vasoconstriction, inflammation, and pro-coagulopathic effects that occur in preeclampsia [25]. positive cases [79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Contributing in Increased Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 Infection during Pregnancy

Musa¹

2020

OJOG

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The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread globally and pregnant women are considerably prone to COVID-19 infection with increased maternal and perinatal complications. Aim: This study aims to explore the risk factors that contribute to susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection among pregnant women. Method: A literature search of articles relating to COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, was conducted, using PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar engine. Result: A total of 168 articles were initially identified. Eighty four papers were excluded for failing to address the aim of the study. After screening titles and abstracts, eighty four full-text articles were retrieved for eligibility analysis. Nineteen studies addressed the susceptibility related to pregnancy, twenty-two studies evaluated the associated comorbidities, nineteen focused on immune system, thirty-six articles concentrated on the risk of coagulopathy and eleven addressed more than one risk factor. Conclusion: Pregnancy, associated comorbidities, modulated immune response during pregnancy and risk of coagulopathy are considerable risk factors contributing to COVID-19 pathogenesis among pregnant women and may predict the outcome.

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“…The normal physiological changes in the third trimester of pregnancy create pro-inflammatory state so that a woman's body prepares for the beginning of the parturition. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increased cytokine production and this causes the immune system to change similarly to the third trimester, causing uterine contractions, amniotic fluid rupture, and birth [9,16]. The systematic review of Turan O, et al [17] showed that the rates of maternal mortality, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality were 1.6%, 1.4% and 1.0%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy: A Case Report on the First Emergency Cesarean Section in Vietnam and Literature Review

Dinh¹,

Van²,

Pham³

2020

Obstet Gynecol Cases Rev

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On March 11, the World Health Organization officially declared an outbreak of acute respiratory infections (COVID-19) caused by a new strain of the Corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic [1]. Vietnam reported the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection on January 22, 2020 being a Chinese coming from Wuhan-where earliest case in the world was detected [2]. As of September 4, 2020, there were 26, 455, 964 cases recorded in the world and in Vietnam the number of infected people is 1046 [3]. Although the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections is increasing globally, evidence of the spread, incidence, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on both mother and child remains limited [4]. Due to physiological changes in the immune system and cardiovascular-respiratory system, pregnant women are considered to be at high risk of viral respiratory infections. Based on data from previous outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), it has been found that pregnant women are more susceptible to adverse outcomes such as the need of intubation, intensive care, renal failure and death [5]. A meta-analysis by Allotey J, et al., including 77 studies (13,118 women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 83,486 women of non-pregnant age of childbearing Case RePoRT anD LiTeRaTuRe ReView

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SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 During Pregnancy: A Multidisciplinary Review

Cited by 245 publications

References 86 publications

SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Binding hACE2: Viral Entry, Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Potential Therapeutic Targets

SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Binding hACE2: Viral Entry, Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Risk Factors Contributing in Increased Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 Infection during Pregnancy

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy: A Case Report on the First Emergency Cesarean Section in Vietnam and Literature Review

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