SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity in individuals with prior seasonal coronavirus infection

Gombar, Saurabh; Bergquist, Timothy; Pejaver, Vikas; Hammarlund, Noah; Murugesan, Kanagavel; Mooney, Sean D.; Shah, Nigam H.; Pinsky, Benjamin A.; Banaei, Niaz

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115338

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Ng et al 2020 found that less than 1% of pre-pandemic samples showed SARS-CoV-2 RBD binding antibodies. This suggests that the majority of HCoV antibodies do not cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 and is in keeping with our results that HCoV neutralisation is not correlated with SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation, nor does it provide protection against COVID-19, which is consistent with a similar study (30). On the other hand, a study observed that a recent HCoV infection may provide some degree of protection (31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Endemic Seasonal Coronavirus Neutralisation and COVID-19 severity

Wells

Cantoni

Mayora-Neto

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The virus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic, spread rapidly around the world causing high morbidity and mortality because humans have no pre-existing immunity. However, there are four known, endemic seasonal coronaviruses in humans (HCoVs) and whether antibodies for these HCoVs play a role in severity of COVID-19 disease has generated a lot of interest. Of these seasonal viruses NL63 is of particular interest as it uses the same cell entry receptor as SARS-CoV-2.We use functional, neutralising assays to investigate cross reactive antibodies and their relationship with COVID-19 severity. We analysed neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2, NL63, HKU1, and 229E in 38 COVID-19 patients and 62 healthcare workers, and a further 182 samples to specifically study the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and NL63.We found that although HCoV neutralisation was very common there was little evidence that these antibodies neutralised SARS-CoV-2. Despite no evidence in cross neutralisation, levels of NL63 neutralisating antibodies become elevated after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 through infection or following vaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Endemic Seasonal Coronavirus Neutralisation and COVID-19 severity

Wells

Cantoni

Mayora-Neto

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Likewise, while both vaccination cohorts showed an absence of or reduction in boosting of cross-reactive responses, whether this absence is beneficial or detrimental cannot be determined from the data presented here. While some studies of natural infection have suggested that these boosted responses are not associated with protection, but instead with more severe disease ( Guo et al, 2021 ; Aydillo et al, 2021 ; Dugan et al, 2021 ; Lin et al, 2022 ; Anderson et al, 2021 ; Gombar et al, 2021 ), others have supported the opposite conclusion ( Aran et al, 2020 ; Dugas et al, 2021a ; Dugas et al, 2021b ). Collectively, these natural infection studies are challenged by the inability to distinguish between correlation and causation, and to separate contributions from humoral from cellular memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting of cross-reactive antibodies to endemic coronaviruses by SARS-CoV-2 infection but not vaccination with stabilized spike

Crowley

Natarajan

Hederman

et al. 2022

eLife

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Preexisting antibodies to endemic coronaviruses (CoV) that cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 have the potential to influence the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination and infection for better or worse. In this observational study of mucosal and systemic humoral immunity in acutely infected, convalescent, and vaccinated subjects, we tested for cross-reactivity against endemic CoV spike (S) protein at subdomain resolution. Elevated responses, particularly to the β-CoV OC43, were observed in all natural infection cohorts tested and were correlated with the response to SARS-CoV-2. The kinetics of this response and isotypes involved suggest that infection boosts preexisting antibody lineages raised against prior endemic CoV exposure that cross-react. While further research is needed to discern whether this recalled response is desirable or detrimental, the boosted antibodies principally targeted the better-conserved S2 subdomain of the viral spike and were not associated with neutralization activity. In contrast, vaccination with a stabilized spike mRNA vaccine did not robustly boost cross-reactive antibodies, suggesting differing antigenicity and immunogenicity. In sum, this study provides evidence that antibodies targeting endemic CoV are robustly boosted in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection but not to vaccination with stabilized S, and that depending on conformation or other factors, the S2 subdomain of the spike protein triggers a rapidly recalled, IgG-dominated response that lacks neutralization activity.

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“…However, there are conflicting reports on whether such crossreactivity gets translated into a protective immunity, thus leading to less severe disease. Indeed, it has been shown that crossreactive anti-HCoVs antibodies do not confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection nor to hospitalizations, though they are boosted upon SARS-CoV-2 infection (206,207). On the contrary, another study showed that recent HCoVs infections are associated with less severe COVID-19 (208).…”

Section: Previous Infection With Seasonal Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of Severe COVID-19 Pathogenesis: A Pas de Deux Between Viral and Host Factors

et al. 2022

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Two years into Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a comprehensive characterization of the pathogenesis of severe and critical forms of COVID-19 is still missing. While a deep dysregulation of both the magnitude and functionality of innate and adaptive immune responses have been described in severe COVID-19, the mechanisms underlying such dysregulations are still a matter of scientific debate, in turn hampering the identification of new therapies and of subgroups of patients that would most benefit from individual clinical interventions. Here we review the current understanding of viral and host factors that contribute to immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 severity in the attempt to unfold and broaden the comprehension of COVID-19 pathogenesis and to define correlates of protection to further inform strategies of targeted therapeutic interventions.

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SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity in individuals with prior seasonal coronavirus infection

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Endemic Seasonal Coronavirus Neutralisation and COVID-19 severity

Endemic Seasonal Coronavirus Neutralisation and COVID-19 severity

Boosting of cross-reactive antibodies to endemic coronaviruses by SARS-CoV-2 infection but not vaccination with stabilized spike

Hallmarks of Severe COVID-19 Pathogenesis: A Pas de Deux Between Viral and Host Factors

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