SARS-CoV-2 infection of intestinal epithelia cells sensed by RIG-I and DHX-15 evokes innate immune response and immune cross-talk

Zhang, Lijuan; Zhang, Yize; Wang, Ruiqin; Liu, Xiaoning; Zhao, Jinmeng; Tsuda, Masato; Li, You

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.1035711

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…GFP/Δ N genome was injected into Caco-2-N cells to produce SARS-CoV-2-GFP/Δ N trVLP. Due to the lack of the N gene in the trVLP genome, only Caco-2-N cells can obtain virus replication and complete the life cycle of pseudo-SARS-CoV-2 ( Ju et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ). Ma et al (2022) .…”

Section: Survey Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and application of pseudoviruses: assessment of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses

Tan,

Wang,

Deng

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Although most Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients can recover fully, the disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In addition to the consequences of acute infection, a proportion of the population experiences long-term adverse effects associated with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it is still critical to comprehend the virus’s characteristics and how it interacts with its host to develop effective drugs and vaccines against COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, a replication-deficient recombinant glycoprotein chimeric viral particle, enables investigations of highly pathogenic viruses to be conducted without the constraint of high-level biosafety facilities, considerably advancing virology and being extensively employed in the study of SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes three methods of establishing SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and current knowledge in vaccine development, neutralizing antibody research, and antiviral drug screening, as well as recent progress in virus entry mechanism and susceptible cell screening. We also discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages.

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Section: Survey Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and application of pseudoviruses: assessment of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses

Tan,

Wang,

Deng

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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“…The S1 spike protein stimulates IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in CACO-2 human intestinal epithelial cells [93]. Some studies also reported an increased release of intestinal IL-18 [94,95]. Interestingly, elevated IL-18 levels correlate with disease severity [95,96].…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Damage Inflammation and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Tract: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Manifestations

Vernia,

Ashktorab,

Cesaro

et al. 2023

Medicina

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Background: Since its first report in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, COVID-19 has become a pandemic, affecting millions of people worldwide. Although the virus primarily affects the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal symptoms are also common. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a systematic electronic search of English literature up to January 2023 using Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, focusing on papers that analyzed the role of SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal tract. Results: Our review highlights that SARS-CoV-2 directly infects the gastrointestinal tract and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia, loss of taste, and increased liver enzymes. These symptoms result from mucosal barrier damage, inflammation, and changes in the microbiota composition. The exact mechanism of how the virus overcomes the acid gastric environment and leads to the intestinal damage is still being studied. Conclusions: Although vaccination has increased the prevalence of less severe symptoms, the long-term interaction with SARS-CoV-2 remains a concern. Understanding the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the gastrointestinal tract is essential for future management of the virus.

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“…How SARS-CoV-2 can promote NEC in neonates is still unclear, but we can hypothesize that the high affinity of the virus for the gut mucosa may have a role in such a process [108][109][110][111]. According to the most recent studies, the virus may induce a strong paracrine activation involving the release of certain enteric hormones able to promote intestinal functions (i.e., vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)) after binding with ACE2 receptors of the intestinal mucosa, as well as an intense local immune response [112][113][114][115][116][117][118]. Noteworthily, during the last decade, some clinical trials have been started to evaluate the therapeutic potential of colostrum to prevent and treat the risk of NEC in preterm and very low-birth-weight infants [119][120][121][122][123].…”

Section: The Role Of Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Related Sepsis

Jirillo,

Topi,

Charitos

et al. 2024

Gastrointestinal Disorders

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A severe condition of sepsis can be a complication of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which can occur in premature infants and becomes a medical challenge in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It is a multifactorial intestinal disease (can affect both the small and large intestine) that can lead to ischemia of the intestinal tissues that evolves into acute organ necrosis. One of these factors is that different types of nutrition can influence the onset or the progression of the disease. Cow-milk-based infant formulas have been shown to cause it in premature infants more frequently than human milk. Recently, nutrition has been shown to be beneficial after surgery. Several issues still under study, such as the pathogenesis and the insufficient and often difficult therapeutic approach, as well as the lack of a common and effective prevention strategy, make this disease an enigma in daily clinical practice. Recent studies outlined the emerging role of the host immune system and resident gut microbiota, showing their close connection in NEC pathophysiology. In its initial stages, broad-spectrum antibiotics, bowel rest, and breastfeeding are currently used, as well as probiotics to help the development of the intestinal microbiota and its eubiosis. This paper aims to present the current knowledge and potential fields of research in NEC pathophysiology and therapeutic assessment.

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SARS-CoV-2 infection of intestinal epithelia cells sensed by RIG-I and DHX-15 evokes innate immune response and immune cross-talk

Cited by 4 publications

References 62 publications

The development and application of pseudoviruses: assessment of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses

The development and application of pseudoviruses: assessment of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses

COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Tract: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Manifestations

Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Related Sepsis

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