SARS-CoV-2 infections in children: Understanding diverse outcomes

Brodin, Petter

doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.014

Cited by 95 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…In our study, a significant increase was observed in the MIS-C group at both the genus ( Eggerthella ) and species levels ( Eggerthella lenta ). Considering autoimmunity and the Th17 pathway in the pathogenesis of MIS-C [ 64 ], our findings suggest that an increase in Eggerthella lenta may be associated with the pathogenesis. We also found that Eubacterium dolichum was dominant in both the MIS-C and COVID-19 groups in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Intestinal microbiota composition of children with infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C)

et al. 2022

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Microbiota composition may play a role in the development, prognosis, or post-infection of COVID-19. There are studies evaluating the microbiota composition at the time of diagnosis and during the course of COVID-19, especially in adults, while studies in children are limited and no study available in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This study was planned to compare intestinal microbiota composition in children diagnosed with MIS-C and acute COVID-19 infection with healthy children. In this prospective multicenter study, 25 children diagnosed with MIS-C, 20 with COVID-19 infection, and 19 healthy children were included. Intestinal microbiota composition was evaluated by 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. We observed changes of diversity, richness, and composition of intestinal microbiota in MIS-C cases compared to COVID-19 cases and in the healthy controls. The Shannon index was higher in the MIS-C group than the healthy controls ( p < 0.01). At phylum level, in the MIS-C group, a significantly higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and lower abundance of Firmicutes was found compared to the control group. Intestinal microbiota composition changed in MIS-C cases compared to COVID-19 and healthy controls, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii decreased; Bacteroides uniformis , Bacteroides plebeius , Clostridium ramosum , Eubacterium dolichum , Eggerthella lenta , Bacillus thermoamylovorans , Prevotella tannerae , and Bacteroides coprophilus were dominant in children with MIS-C. At species level, we observed decreased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , and increased Eubacterium dolichum , Eggerthella lenta , and Bacillus thermoamylovorans in children with MIS-C and increased Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Dorea formicigenerasus in the COVID-19 group. Our study is the first to evaluate the microbiota composition in MIS-C cases. There is a substantial change in the composition of the gut microbiota: (1) reduction of F. prausnitzii in children with MIS-C and COVID-19; (2) an increase of Eggerthella lenta which is related with autoimmunity; and (3) the predominance of E. dolichum is associated with metabolic dysfunctions and obesity in children with MIS-C. Conclusions : Alterations of the intestinal microbiota might be part of pathogenesis of predisposing factor for MIS-C. It would be beneficial to conduct more extensive studies on the cause-effect relationship of these changes in microbiota composition and their effects on long-term prognosis. What is Known: • Mi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Intestinal microbiota composition of children with infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C)

et al. 2022

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“…SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in viral reservoir formation. 4 SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to repeated release of viral proteins across the intestinal epithelium, giving rise to immune activation. 5 Such repeated immune activation might be mediated by a superantigen motif within the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that bears resemblance to Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, 6 triggering broad and non-specific T-cell activation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This superantigen-mediated immune-cell activation has been proposed as a causal mechanism of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. 4 , 7 …”

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confidence: 99%

Severe acute hepatitis in children: investigate SARS-CoV-2 superantigens

Brodin

Arditi

2022

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

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119

126

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“…There is a dire need to explain the wide gamut of immune dysfunction in Covid-19 between mild and severe disease ( 35 ). Here, we incorporate a major correlation of Covid-1 severity; the proportion of CD8+ naïve T cells ( 12 , 23 , 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%