SARS-CoV-2 mutations: the biological trackway towards viral fitness

Abstract

The outbreak of pneumonia-like respiratory disorder at China and its rapid transmission world-wide resulted in public health emergency, which brought lineage B betacoronaviridae SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) into spotlight. The fairly high mutation rate, frequent recombination and interspecies transmission in betacoronaviridae are largely responsible for their temporal changes in infectivity and virulence. Investigation of global SARS-CoV-2 genotypes revealed considerable mutations in structural, non-structural, accessory proteins as well as untranslated regions. Among the various types of mutations, single-nucleotide substitutions are the predominant ones. In addition, insertion, deletion and frame-shift mutations are also reported, albeit at a lower frequency. Among the structural proteins, spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein accumulated a larger number of mutations whereas envelope and membrane proteins are mostly conserved. Spike protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase variants, D614G and P323L in combination became dominant world-wide. Divergent genetic variants created serious challenge towards the development of therapeutics and vaccines. This review will consolidate mutations in different SARS-CoV-2 proteins and their implications on viral fitness.

Crystal Structures of Bat and Human Coronavirus ORF8 Protein Ig-Like Domain Provide Insights Into the Diversity of Immune Responses

“…The ORF8 protein is identified as a fast-evolving protein. It has only been found in lineage B betacoronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), and bat coronavirus RaTG13 (a closely related bat betacoronavirus of SARS-CoV-2) (11,12,(16)(17)(18). ORF8 genes in SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses (SARS2r-CoVs) are constantly evolving in their natural reservoirs (12).…”

SARS-CoV-2 RdRp Inhibitors Selected from a Cell-Based SARS-CoV-2 RdRp Activity Assay System

“…Since SARS-CoV-2 RdRp is 96% homologous to the SARS-CoV RdRp and 70% to the MERS-CoV RdRp, the genomic sequences encoding RdRp are highly conserved among the emerging coronaviruses [7]. Among the SARS-CoV-2 variants, the spontaneous mutations have been rarely observed in the RdRp region compared to that in the region encoding the spike protein [8]. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 RdRp is a potential target for prophylactic and therapeutic drugs for treating patients with COVID-19 induced by the many SARS-CoV-2 variants.…”

Sars-Cov-2 В Гвинейской Республике: Фрагментарное И Полногеномное Секвенирование.

“…«Spike» -«шип») особенно в области кодирующей рецептор-связывающий домен (RBD). [5,6] Изменение структуры шипового белка в первую очередь ассоциировано с повышением инфекционной способности возбудителя COVID-19, а также способствуют ускользанию вируса от иммунного ответа [7,8,9]. Среди всего разнообразия генетически измененных штаммов, по состоянию на 31.05.2021 г. Всемирной Организацией Здравоохранения эпидемически значимыми признаны следующие варианты вируса [10], для которых доказаны увеличение трансмиссивности, тяжести течения заболевания, а также снижение чувствительности к принятым схемам терапии [11,12,13,14]: На сегодняшний день в мире проводятся интенсивные работы по секвенированию и биоинформационному анализу геномов SARS-CoV-2, с целью выявления новых геновариантов а также установления путей распространения уже существующих, поскольку эпидемически значимые геноварианты представляют серьезную угрозу для общественного здравоохранения.…”