SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels are correlated with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia

Chen, Wei; Zhang, Jie; Qin, Xijian; Wang, Weixiao; Xu, Mengxia; Wang, Lin‐Fa; Xu, Chuanjun; Tang, Shuangshuang; Liu, Pei; Zhang, Libo; Li, Xuan; Zhang, Yongchen; Yi, Changhua; Hu, Zhiliang; Yi, Yongxiang

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110629

Cited by 59 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…3C and s1 ). Higher antibody titers have been paradoxically associated with disease severity in COVID-19 33 , 34 despite evidence for possible therapeutic effect of early administration of exogenous immunoglobulin 35 . It remains to be determined whether these SARS-CoV-2 specific transcriptional findings represent effective early immunity or are part of the virus-induced dysregulation that seems to drive early disease 8 , 12 , 15 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulated transcriptional responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the periphery

et al. 2021

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SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to trigger a wide spectrum of immune responses and clinical manifestations in human hosts. Here, we sought to elucidate novel aspects of the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection through RNA sequencing of peripheral blood samples from 46 subjects with COVID-19 and directly comparing them to subjects with seasonal coronavirus, influenza, bacterial pneumonia, and healthy controls. Early SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a powerful transcriptomic response in peripheral blood with conserved components that are heavily interferon-driven but also marked by indicators of early B-cell activation and antibody production. Interferon responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection demonstrate unique patterns of dysregulated expression compared to other infectious and healthy states. Heterogeneous activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways are present in early COVID-19, as are IL1 and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, which persist into late disease. Classifiers based on differentially expressed genes accurately distinguished SARS-CoV-2 infection from other acute illnesses (auROC 0.95 [95% CI 0.92–0.98]). The transcriptome in peripheral blood reveals both diverse and conserved components of the immune response in COVID-19 and provides for potential biomarker-based approaches to diagnosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulated transcriptional responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the periphery

et al. 2021

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“…A recent study showed that the duration of protective immunity against common cold coronavirus may last 6 to 12 months 41 although others reported that repeat infections are generally associated with milder symptoms and a lower viral load 26 42 . Single intravenous administration of neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein in outpatients with mild or moderate COVID-19 has been shown to reduce the viral load and reduced length of hospitalization 43 . Furthermore, infection with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccine against the spike protein can protect rhesus macaque from a challenge infection 4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 specific B- and T-cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 patients 6-8 months after the infection

Sherina

Piralla

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The longevity of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is currently debated. We thus profiled the serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and virus specific memory B- and T-cell responses over time in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Methods: A cohort of COVID-19 patients from the Lombardy region in Italy who experienced mild to critical disease and Swedish volunteers with mild symptoms, were tested for the presence of elevated anti-spike and anti-receptor binding domain antibody levels over a period of eight months. In addition, specific memory B- and T-cell responses were tested in selected patient samples. Results: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were present in 85% samples collected within 4 weeks after onset of symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Levels of specific IgM or IgA antibodies declined after 1 month while levels of specific IgG antibodies remained stable up to 6 months after diagnosis. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were still present, though at a significantly lower level, in 80% samples collected at 6-8 months after symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B- and T-cell responses were developed in vast majority of the patients tested, regardless of disease severity, and remained detectable up to 6-8 months after infection. Conclusions: Although the serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies started to decline, virus-specific T and/or memory B cell responses increased with time and maintained during the study period (6-8 months after infection).

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“…Wu et al, reported that the NAb titers positively correlated with age and CRP levels and negatively correlated with lymphocyte counts on admission [3]. Additionally, Chen et al reported that the patients with older age, higher CRP and LDH levels and with more profound lung involvement had higher titers of NAbs [21]. In line with this report, our patients with advance stage CT ndings had signi cantly higher NAb titers, and NAb titers positively correlated with NLR, AST, LDH, CK, ferritin, CRP, and INR, and signi cantly yet negatively associated with lymphocyte levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0(Armonk, NY, USA). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to check the normality of the variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing Antibody Response and Associated Factors in Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19) up to One Month: A Case-Series of 129 Hospitalized Patients

Baştuğ

Bodur

Safak

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Purpose Little is known about the characteristics of neutralizing antibody(NAb) response in patients recovered COVID - 19. We aimed to elucidate the factors affecting presence and titers of in an early phase of infection up to 30 days.Methods A total of 129 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients in a tertiary-care hospital were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained retrospectively. SARS-CoV-2 specific NAb, IgM, and IgG antibody responses were analyzed. NAb-positive and negative patients were compared, to examine potential associations between clinical, demographical, and laboratory characteristics and the presence/titers of NAb.Results SARS-CoV-2 specific NAb, IgM and IgG were detected at the time of hospital discharge in 60.5%, 30.2%, and 51.9% of the patients, respectively. The presence of antibodies was 42.4%(NAb), 20.3%(IgM) and 44.1%(IgG) among patients within 5-9 days since onset; increased to 79.5%(NAb), 34.1%(IgM) and 47.7%(IgG) by 10-14 days; and detected in 66.7%(NAb), 50%(IgM), 83.3%(IgG) at/after day-15, following symptom onset. The median titer of neutralizing antibody(SN 50) was significantly higher in severe patients(25 versus 7.5, p= 0.009). Of the 23 severe patients, 52.2%(n=12) had higher NAb titers (i.e., SN 50 ≥ 1:25) when compared to that in non-severe patients(p= 0.021; OR = 2.89; 95%CI= 1.15 – 7.28), yet, potential effect of follow-up time on NAb status and titers could not be ruled out.Conclusion Presence and higher titers of NAb were detected more in severe patients compared to their non-severe counterparts. Survival analysis suggested that this difference could at least be partially explained by the length of follow-up after symptoms’ onset.

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SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels are correlated with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia

Abstract: Highlights Neutralizing antibody evaluation helps to assess the risk of re-infection. Some COVID-19 patients may not develop neutralizing antibody after recovery. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels are correlated with COVID-19 disease severity.

Cited by 59 publications

References 25 publications

Dysregulated transcriptional responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the periphery

Dysregulated transcriptional responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the periphery

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 specific B- and T-cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 patients 6-8 months after the infection

Neutralizing Antibody Response and Associated Factors in Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19) up to One Month: A Case-Series of 129 Hospitalized Patients

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