SARS-CoV-2 Possible Etiology of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in a Teenager: Case Report and Review of Literature

Grigore, Ioana; Miron, Ingrith; Gavrilovici, Cristina; Lupu, Vasile Valeriu; Antal, Dorin; Schreiner, Thomas Gabriel; Prazaru, Catalin; Lupu, Ancuța; Dragan, Felicia; Grigore, Ecaterina

doi:10.3390/v15020405

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Было показано, что тромбоциты пациентов с COVID-19 выделяют значительно большее количество цитокинов, хемокинов и факторов роста при стимуляции, чем тромбоциты здоровых людей и способствуют увеличению количества реагентов острой фазы (фибриноген, фВБ, фактор XII свертывания) [30]. Кроме того, врожденный иммунитет при COVID-19 запускает коагулопатические пути [9]. Эта активация вызывает сверхэкспрессию тканевых факторов эндотелия и моноцитов, усиливает активацию тромбоцитов и воспаление эндотелия, еще больше увеличивая выработку провоспалительных цитокинов и способствуя цитокиновому шторму [18,30].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Ранняя диагностика и лечение могут помочь свести к минимуму долгосрочные последствия у детей [7,8]. ЦВТ у детей и новорожденных имеет многофакторную этиологию [9,10]. Большое влияние на развитие данного состояния оказывают хронические заболевания, наблюдаемые более чем в 50% случаев [11,12].…”

Section: Covid-19unclassified

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Difficulties in diagnosing complications of COVID-19: description of a clinical case

Loshkova,

Rebrienko,

Doroshenko

et al. 2023

Medicinskij sovet

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It is well known that COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and characterized by an acute respiratory syndrome with a high morbidity and mortality had rapidly spread around the world, taking on the character of a pandemic. The virus affects not only the respiratory tract, but also other organs due to mechanisms of the cytokine storm mechanism, in addition, hypoxic damage, immune mechanism and the mechanism involving angiotensin-converting enzyme. The frequency of CVT associated with COVID-19 is less than 0.02%, on the one hand, is low, but on the other hand, this rate is 30–60 times higher than the frequency of CVT in persons without COVID-19 (0.0003–0.0004% in adults and 0.0007% in children). For an individual patient, it is extremely important that the combination of CVT and COVID-19 is associated with a higher mortality rate (45.5%) in contrast to CVT (15%) and COVID-19 (5.6%) separately. In the presented literature review, the authors focus on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of COVID-19 associated cerebral thrombosis for a deeper and more holistic view of the pathological process occurring in the body in order to form and improve the clinical thinking of specialist doctors, and cite their own clinical observation as an illustration of the difficulties of diagnosing COVID-19 associated cerebral thrombosis. The authors believe that this review of the literature describing a clinical case is valuable from the point of view of practical applicability, both for clinicians of various fields and for researchers.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Covid-19unclassified

Difficulties in diagnosing complications of COVID-19: description of a clinical case

Loshkova,

Rebrienko,

Doroshenko

et al. 2023

Medicinskij sovet

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“…However, children can experience long-term COVID-19 side effects similar to those in adults, such as neurological and cardiac morbidity ( Fotea et al., 2023 ). Severe acute infection with COVID-19 can have a negative impact on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, hematological, and renal systems ( Axelerad et al., 2022 ; Kalyanaraman and Anderson, 2022 ; Mihai et al., 2022 ; Grigore et al., 2023 ). Children with COVID-19 rarely have major cardiac signs and symptoms, although cases of cardiogenic shock, myocarditis, pericarditis, and arrhythmias have been reported.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric endocarditis - a stone left after the pandemic cascade

Lupu,

Nedelcu,

Budescu

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Infective endocarditis is a rare disease in children. The etiology is mainly bacterial. However, viral infective endocarditis, possibly related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has also been reported. The pathophysiological principle of the connection between the two entities seems to be attributed to the transient immune deficiency of the body during the infection. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 is reported in the literature as a direct cardiopathic virus. Therefore, the new coronavirus seems to have the ability to affect both the intact cardiac tissue and the previously damaged one both during the acute episode and at a distance from it. Consequently, we propose to review the main pathophysiological aspects of pediatric cardiac damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. The ultimate goal is to deepen existing knowledge, broaden the horizon of understanding and analysis regarding the systemic damage induced by viral infections, and strengthen an information base from which to start a meta-analysis. Next, we performed a non-systematized screening of the specialized literature with reference to cases of endocarditis in the pediatric population, reported in the period 2020–2023. From the total of articles found, we chose to include in the review a number of 6 case reports, including a number of 7 patients (5 children and 2 adolescents). Analysis of reports suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection could play a role in the development of endocarditis, either directly through active infection or indirectly through a post-infectious immune response. Also, pre-existing conditions and complex medical history predispose to an increased risk of developing a severe, complicated form of endocarditis. Also, the lack of data on the vaccination history and the failure to categorize the infection depending on the type of antibodies (IgM or IgG) in some studies represent a major bias in the reports. The latter make it difficult to evaluate the influence of vaccination and the impact of acute versus chronic infection on the course of cases.

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“…Data published in the literature prove that there is a positive association between COVID-19 and thrombotic disorders, with evidence also suggesting that macroangiopathic processes and complement-mediated inflammation may be involved [43]. For instance, Grigore et al described the case of cerebral venous thrombosis secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a female teenager [44], whereas Alizadeh et al presented a case of new-onset diabetes and atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome, raising the suspicion that SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent an infectious trigger for the patient's condition [45].…”

Section: T1dm and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric COVID-19 and Diabetes: An Investigation into the Intersection of Two Pandemics

et al. 2023

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a complex infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and it currently represents a worldwide public health emergency. The pediatric population is less prone to develop severe COVID-19 infection, but children presenting underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, are thought to be at increased risk of developing more severe forms of COVID-19. Diabetic children face new challenges when infected with SARS-CoV-2. On one hand, the glycemic values become substantially more difficult to manage as COVID-19 is a predisposing factor for hyperglycemia. On the other hand, alongside other risk factors, high glycemic values are incriminated in modulating immune and inflammatory responses, leading to potentially severe COVID-19 cases in the pediatric population. Also, there are hypotheses of SARS-CoV-2 being diabetogenic itself, but this information is still to be confirmed. Furthermore, it is reported that there was a noticeable increase in the number of cases of new-onset type 2 diabetes among the pediatric population, and the complications in these patients with COVID-19 include the risk of developing autoimmune diseases under the influence of stress. Additionally, children with diabetes mellitus are confronted with lifestyle changes dictated by the pandemic, which can potentially lead to the onset or exacerbation of a potential underlying anxiety disorder or depression. Since the literature contains a series of unknowns related to the impact of COVID-19 in both types of diabetes in children, the purpose of our work is to bring together the data obtained so far and to identify potential knowledge gaps and areas for future investigation regarding COVID-19 and the onset of diabetes type 1 or type 2 among the pediatric population.

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SARS-CoV-2 Possible Etiology of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in a Teenager: Case Report and Review of Literature

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Difficulties in diagnosing complications of COVID-19: description of a clinical case

Difficulties in diagnosing complications of COVID-19: description of a clinical case

Pediatric endocarditis - a stone left after the pandemic cascade

Pediatric COVID-19 and Diabetes: An Investigation into the Intersection of Two Pandemics

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