SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence in Saliva and Gastric and Intestinal Fluid in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in COVID-19 Endemic Areas: Prospective Cross-Sectional Study in Japan

Miyake, Shigeta; Ashikari, Keiichi; Kato, Shingo; Takatsu, Tomohiro; Kuwashima, Hirofumi; Kaneko, Hiroaki; Nagai, Koki; Watari, Ikue; Sato, Takamitsu; Yamaoka, Yutaro; Yamamoto, Tetsuya; Ryo, Akihide; Maeda, Shin; Nakajima, Atsushi; Higurash, Takuma

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3700893

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The stomach is likely to play an important role in the defense against SARS-CoV-2 ( Figure 1 ) [ 48 ]. The virus is inactivated by pH ranges (1.5–3) found in the stomach [ 49 ].…”

Section: The Role Of the Stomach In Mitigating Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspective: the nose and the stomach play a critical role in the NZACE2-Pātari* (modified ACE2) drug treatment project of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Ameratunga

Woon

Steele

et al. 2021

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

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Background: COVID-19 has caused calamitous health, economic and societal consequences globally. Currently, there is no effective treatment for the infection. Areas covered: We have recently described the NZACE2-Pātari project, which seeks to administer modified Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) molecules early in the infection to intercept and block SARS-CoV-2 binding to the pulmonary epithelium. Expert opinion: Since the nasopharyngeal mucosa is infected in the first asymptomatic phase of the infection, treatment of the nose is likely to be safe and potentially effective. The intercepted virus will be swallowed and destroyed in the stomach. There is however a limited window of opportunity to alter the trajectory of the infection in an individual patient, which requires access to rapid testing for SARS-CoV-2. The proposed strategy is analogous to passive immunization of viral infections such as measles and may be of particular benefit to immunodeficient and unvaccinated individuals.

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“…The stomach is likely to play an important role in the defense against SARS-CoV-2 ( Figure 1 ) [ 48 ]. The virus is inactivated by pH ranges (1.5–3) found in the stomach [ 49 ].…”

Section: The Role Of the Stomach In Mitigating Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virus is inactivated by pH ranges (1.5–3) found in the stomach [ 49 ]. It is likely much of the virus from the nasal infection is swallowed and destroyed in the stomach [ 48 ].…”

Section: The Role Of the Stomach In Mitigating Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective: the nose and the stomach play a critical role in the NZACE2-Pātari* (modified ACE2) drug treatment project of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Ameratunga

Woon

Steele

et al. 2021

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Estimating salivary carriage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in nonsymptomatic people and efficacy of mouthrinse in reducing viral load

Chaudhary¹,

Melkonyan²,

Meethil³

et al. 2021

The Journal of the American Dental Association

113

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Background. Many people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) never develop substantial symptoms. With more than 34 million people in the United States already infected and highly transmissible variants rapidly emerging, it is highly probable that post-and presymptomatic people will form an important fraction of those seeking dental care. Salivary carriage rates in these populations are not known. Moreover, although preventing transmission is critical for controlling spread, the efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing oral viral load is poorly studied.Methods. The authors recruited 201 asymptomatic, presymptomatic, postsymptomatic, and symptomatic people and measured copy numbers of SARS-CoV-2 in unstimulated saliva using realtime reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the authors inducted 41 symptomatic people into a randomized, triple-blinded study and instructed them to rinse with saline, 1% hydrogen peroxide, 0.12% chlorhexidine, or 0.5% povidone-iodine for 60 seconds. The authors measured viral load 15 and 45 minutes after rinsing.Results. Salivary SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 23% of asymptomatic, 60% of postsymptomatic, and 28% of presymptomatic participants. Neither carriage rate nor viral load correlated with COVID-19 symptomatology, age, sex, or race or ethnicity. All 4 mouthrinses decreased viral load by 61% through 89% at 15 minutes and by 70% through 97% at 45 minutes. The extent of reduction correlated significantly with initial viral load.Conclusions. Nonsymptomatic people can pose a risk of transmitting the virus, and mouthrinses are simple and efficacious means of reducing this risk, especially when the load is less than 10 4 copies per milliliter. Practical Implications. At a time when resources are stretched, the findings of this study contribute to evidence-based selection of personal protection equipment and simple infectioncontrol practices to reduce contagion at source. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number is NCT04603794.

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SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence in Saliva and Gastric and Intestinal Fluid in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in COVID-19 Endemic Areas: Prospective Cross-Sectional Study in Japan

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Perspective: the nose and the stomach play a critical role in the NZACE2-Pātari* (modified ACE2) drug treatment project of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Perspective: the nose and the stomach play a critical role in the NZACE2-Pātari* (modified ACE2) drug treatment project of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Estimating salivary carriage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in nonsymptomatic people and efficacy of mouthrinse in reducing viral load

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