SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a healthcare professional in inner Sao Paulo during the first wave of COVID-19 in Brazil

Camargo, Carlos Henrique; Gonçalves, Cláudia Regina; Pagnoca, Érica Valessa Ramos Gomes; Campos, Karoline Rodrigues; Montanha, Janaína Olher Martins; Flores, Maricélia Navarro Pinheiro; Soares, Márcia Maria Costa Nunes; Tolentino, Fernanda Modesto; Ferreira, Patrícia Marques; Yu, Ana Lúcia Frugis; Carvalhanas, Telma Regina Marques Pinto; Abbud, Adriano; Bugno, Adriana; Sacchi, Cláudio Tavares

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115516

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2020 ; Toyoshima et al. 2020 ); Spike T1117I, which has been detected in 4849 INSDC sequences, emerged late in the infection on Day 388 ( Molina-Mora 2022 ); N P383L, another rare mutation in 0.15 per cent of INSDC sequences, is nonetheless mentioned in a case of reinfection ( Camargo et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of a globally unique SARS-CoV-2 Spike E484T monoclonal antibody escape mutation in a persistently infected, immunocompromised individual

et al. 2022

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Prolonged infections in immunocompromised individuals may be a source for novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly when both the immune system and antiviral therapy fail to clear the infection and enable within-host evolution. Here we describe a 486-day case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised individual. Following monotherapy with the monoclonal antibody Bamlanivimab, the individual’s virus acquired resistance, likely via the earliest known occurrence of Spike amino acid variant E484T. Recently, E484T has arisen again as a derivative of E484A in the Omicron Variant of Concern, supporting the hypothesis that prolonged infections can give rise to novel variants long before they become prevalent in the human population.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of a globally unique SARS-CoV-2 Spike E484T monoclonal antibody escape mutation in a persistently infected, immunocompromised individual

et al. 2022

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“…According to this model, reinfection will become increasingly common as the epidemic progresses. This observation, combined with the high transmissibility of the VOC Gamma 3 , 4 may explain the more significant number of reinfections reported for Gamma when compared with the few reinfections with non-VOCs previously detected in Brazil 49 , 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

SARS-CoV-2 intra-host diversity, antibody response, and disease severity after reinfection by the variant of concern Gamma in Brazil

Naveca

Nascimento

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern (VOC) Gamma in Amazonas during early 2021 fueled a second large COVID-19 epidemic wave and raised concern about the potential role of reinfections. Very few cases of reinfection associated with the VOC Gamma have been reported to date, and their potential impact on clinical, immunological, and virological parameters remains largely unexplored. Here we describe 25 cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Brazil. SARS-CoV-2 genomic analysis confirmed that individuals were primo-infected with distinct viral lineages between March and December 2020 (B.1.1, B.1.1.28, B.1.1.33, B.1.195, and P.2) and reinfected with the VOC Gamma between 3 to 12 months after primo-infection. We found a similar mean cycle threshold (Ct) value and limited intra-host viral diversity in both primo-infection and reinfection samples. Sera of 14 patients tested 10–75 days after reinfection displayed detectable neutralizing antibodies (NAb) titers against SARS-CoV-2 variants that circulated before (B.1.*), during (Gamma), and after (Delta and Omicron) the second epidemic wave in Brazil. All individuals had milder or no symptoms after reinfection, and none required hospitalization. These findings demonstrate that individuals reinfected with the VOC Gamma may display relatively high RNA viral loads at the upper respiratory tract after reinfection, thus contributing to onward viral transmissions. Despite this, our study points to a low overall risk of severe Gamma reinfections, supporting that the abrupt increase in hospital admissions and deaths observed in Amazonas and other Brazilian states during the Gamma wave was mostly driven by primary infections. Our findings also indicate that most individuals analyzed developed a high anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAb response after reinfection that may provide some protection against reinfection or disease by different SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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“…Cases of reinfection have been reported since the beginning of the pandemic (12,20,(52)(53)(54), including in Brazil (55)(56)(57). Studies have shown that an acquired immune response can reduce the risk of transmission by up to 90%, with an interval of 6-10 months (58)(59)(60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal study of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 of health professionals in Brazil: the impact of booster dose and reinfection on antibody dynamics

Franco-Luiz

Fernandes

Silva

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a major impact on health systems. Vaccines have been shown to be effective in improving the clinical outcome of COVID-19, but they are not able to fully prevent infection and reinfection, especially that caused by new variants. Here, we tracked for 450 days the humoral immune response and reinfection in 52 healthcare workers from Brazil. Infection and reinfection were confirmed by RT-qPCR, while IgM and IgG antibody levels were monitored by rapid test. Of the 52 participants, 19 (36%) got reinfected during the follow-up period, all presenting mild symptoms. For all participants, IgM levels dropped sharply, with over 47% of them becoming seronegative by the 60th day. For IgG, 90% of the participants became seropositive within the first 30 days of follow-up. IgG antibodies also dropped after this period reaching the lowest level on day 270 (68.5±72.3, p<0.0001). Booster dose and reinfection increased the levels of both antibodies, with the interaction between them resulting in an increase in IgG levels of 130.3 units. Overall, our data indicate that acquired humoral immunity declines over time and suggests that IgM and IgG antibody levels are not associated with the prevention of reinfection.

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SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a healthcare professional in inner Sao Paulo during the first wave of COVID-19 in Brazil

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Evolution of a globally unique SARS-CoV-2 Spike E484T monoclonal antibody escape mutation in a persistently infected, immunocompromised individual

Evolution of a globally unique SARS-CoV-2 Spike E484T monoclonal antibody escape mutation in a persistently infected, immunocompromised individual

SARS-CoV-2 intra-host diversity, antibody response, and disease severity after reinfection by the variant of concern Gamma in Brazil

Longitudinal study of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 of health professionals in Brazil: the impact of booster dose and reinfection on antibody dynamics

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