SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prevents acute respiratory disease in Syrian hamsters but not replication in the upper respiratory tract

Hansen, Frederick; Meade-White, Kimberly; Clancy, Chad S.; Rosenke, Rebecca; Okumura, Atsushi; Hawman, David W.; Feldmann, Friederike; Kaza, Benjamin; Jarvis, Michael A.; Rosenke, Kyle; Feldmann, Heinz

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110515

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Nasal swabs showed low levels of virus in vaccinated animals, but at about two log significantly reduced levels compared to control NHPs (Fig. 5A), consistent with reports of detectable virus replication in upper airways in animals that were protected from clinical disease ( 52 ). For SARS-1 challenged animals, mosaic-8b immunized NHPs had no detectable viral titers in either BAL or nasal swabs, whereas all control animals had detectable viral titers (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Mosaic RBD nanoparticles protect against multiple sarbecovirus challenges in animal models

Cohen

Doremalen

Greaney

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To combat future SARS-CoV-2 variants and spillovers of SARS-like betacoronaviruses (sarbecoviruses) threatening global health, we designed mosaic nanoparticles presenting randomly-arranged sarbecovirus spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) to elicit antibodies against conserved/relatively-occluded, rather than variable/immunodominant/exposed, epitopes. We compared immune responses elicited by mosaic-8 (SARS-CoV-2 and seven animal sarbecoviruses) and homotypic (only SARS-CoV-2) RBD-nanoparticles in mice and macaques, observing stronger responses elicited by mosaic-8 to mismatched (not on nanoparticles) strains including SARS-CoV and animal sarbecoviruses. Mosaic-8 immunization showed equivalent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron and protected from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV challenges, whereas homotypic SARS-CoV-2 immunization protected only from SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Epitope mapping demonstrated increased targeting of conserved epitopes after mosaic-8 immunization. Together, these results suggest mosaic-8 RBD-nanoparticles could protect against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future sarbecovirus spillovers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Mosaic RBD nanoparticles protect against multiple sarbecovirus challenges in animal models

Cohen

Doremalen

Greaney

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…We previously showed that the Omicron BA.1 variant is antigenically distinct from the other SARS-CoV-2 variants [ 16 ], and several studies have shown that neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain have limited neutralizing capacity against the Omicron BA.1. Although a recent study has proven that hamsters with a heterologous re-challenge are protected from B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B.1.351 (Beta) induced acute pneumonia, already 14 days after initial infection, the cross-protective potential towards Omicron BA.1 was not investigated [ 32 ]. Interestingly, despite the antigenic distance and early time point for re-infection, the 614G convalescent group was completely protected from any pathological alterations of the respiratory tract after infection with Omicron BA.1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary lesions following inoculation with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) variant in Syrian golden hamsters

Rissmann¹,

Noack²,

Riel³

et al. 2022

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant is characterized by a high number of mutations in the viral genome, associated with immune escape and increased viral spread. It remains unclear whether milder COVID-19 disease progression observed after infection with Omicron BA.1 in humans is due to reduced pathogenicity of the virus or due to pre-existing immunity from vaccination or previous infection. Here, we inoculated hamsters with Omicron BA.1 to evaluate pathogenicity and kinetics of viral shedding, compared to Delta (B.1.617.2) and to animals re-challenged with Omicron BA.1 after previous SARS-CoV-2 614G infection. Omicron BA.1 infected animals showed reduced clinical signs, pathological changes, and viral shedding, compared to Delta-infected animals, but still showed gross- and histopathological evidence of pneumonia. Pre-existing immunity reduced viral shedding and protected against pneumonia. Our data indicate that the observed decrease of disease severity is in part due to intrinsic properties of the Omicron BA.1 variant.

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“…Mucosal COVID-19 vaccines have been experimentally shown to reduce upper respiratory shedding, but not transmission, when assessed in a single contact transmission chain setting [ 30 – 32 ]. In addition, hamster studies have shown that previous infection protects against disease, but not upper respiratory tract replication, after homologous and heterologous reinfection [ 27 , 34 – 36 ]. Similar dynamics were observed in our experimental setup.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection- or vaccine mediated immunity reduces SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but increases competitiveness of Omicron in hamsters

Port

Yinda

Riopelle

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Omicron has demonstrated a competitive advantage over Delta in vaccinated people. To understand this, we designed a transmission chain experiment using naive, intranasally (IN) or intramuscularly (IM) vaccinated, and previously infected (PI) hamsters. Vaccination and previous infection protected animals from disease and virus replication after Delta and Omicron dual challenge. A gradient in transmission blockage was observed: IM vaccination displayed moderate transmission blockage potential over three airborne chains (approx. 70%), whereas, IN vaccination and PI blocked airborne transmission in >90%. In naive hamsters, Delta completely outcompeted Omicron within and between hosts after dual infection in onward transmission. Although Delta also outcompeted Omicron in the vaccinated and PI transmission chains, an increase in Omicron competitiveness was observed in these groups. This correlated with the increase in the strength of the humoral response against Delta, with the strongest response seen in PI animals. These data highlight the continuous need to assess the emergence and spread of novel variants in populations with pre-existing immunity and address the additional evolutionary pressure this may exert on the virus.

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SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prevents acute respiratory disease in Syrian hamsters but not replication in the upper respiratory tract

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Mosaic RBD nanoparticles protect against multiple sarbecovirus challenges in animal models

Mosaic RBD nanoparticles protect against multiple sarbecovirus challenges in animal models

Pulmonary lesions following inoculation with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) variant in Syrian golden hamsters

Infection- or vaccine mediated immunity reduces SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but increases competitiveness of Omicron in hamsters

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