SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA may rarely be present in a uterine cervix LBC sample at the asymptomatic early stage of COVID 19 disease

Ondič, Ondřej; Černá, Kateřina; Kinkorová-Luňáčková, Iva; Němcová, Jana; Mejchar, B; Chytra, Jan; Bouda, J

doi:10.1111/cyt.12995

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In another case, the virus was identified in a 26-year-old female patient, but with a low viral load, both in the cervical sample and in the nasopharyngeal swab, thus, it was assumed that the patient was at an asymptomatic early stage. This data suggests that cervical samples had a low risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, even during the viral incubation period after a positive nasopharyngeal test [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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SARS-COV-2and female reproductive system

Giudice¹,

Mezzomo²,

Krolow³

et al. 2022

JIPBS

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Virus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19 infection, is transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets and its clinical manifestations vary according to the severity of the disease. The respiratory system is the most affected, but other possible forms of transmission are hypothesized. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell through the binding of the spike protein of the virus with the ACE2 receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), but it can also be mediated by proteases or cathepsins. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the COVID-19 virus and the female reproductive system, and to investigate the possibility of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the vaginal fluid. A literature review was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases, using the terms: “covid and female genitourinary tract”, “covid and cervical sample”, “covid and HPV”, “covid and intraepithelial lesions”, “covid and female genital tract”. Despite the few reports on the subject, some of them point to the presence of SARS-COV-2 in samples of vaginal fluid, identified by the PCR technique. Additional studies are needed in order to establish a relationship between the findings in the vaginal fluid and the correlation with infection and viral load.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…SARS-CoV-2 RNA may rarely be present in a uterine cervix LBC sample at the asymptomatic early stage of COVID 19 disease [12].…”

Section: /Czech Republicmentioning

confidence: 98%

SARS-COV-2and female reproductive system

Giudice¹,

Mezzomo²,

Krolow³

et al. 2022

JIPBS

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“…Thirty-one studies (20 cohort, 6 cross-sectional and 5 case series) assessed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal secretion of 859 patients (875 specimens). Eight studies reported SARS-CoV-2 detection in 23 patients 31–38. Information on viral persistence was reported by only two studies (8 and 13 days) 35 36.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in body fluids associated with sexual activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Calvet,

Kara,

Gonsalves

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveTo identify and summarise the evidence on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection and persistence in body fluids associated with sexual activity (saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, urine and faeces/rectal secretion).EligibilityAll studies that reported detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, urine and faeces/rectal swabs.Information sourcesThe WHO COVID-19 database from inception to 20 April 2022.Risk of bias assessmentThe National Institutes of Health tools.Synthesis of resultsThe proportion of patients with positive results for SARS-CoV-2 and the proportion of patients with a viral duration/persistence of at least 14 days in each fluid was calculated using fixed or random effects models.Included studiesA total of 182 studies with 10 023 participants.ResultsThe combined proportion of individuals with detection of SARS-CoV-2 was 82.6% (95% CI: 68.8% to 91.0%) in saliva, 1.6% (95% CI: 0.9% to 2.6%) in semen, 2.7% (95% CI: 1.8% to 4.0%) in vaginal secretion, 3.8% (95% CI: 1.9% to 7.6%) in urine and 31.8% (95% CI: 26.4% to 37.7%) in faeces/rectal swabs. The maximum viral persistence for faeces/rectal secretions was 210 days, followed by semen 121 days, saliva 112 days, urine 77 days and vaginal secretions 13 days. Culturable SARS-CoV-2 was positive for saliva and faeces.LimitationsScarcity of longitudinal studies with follow-up until negative results.InterpretationSARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in all fluids associated with sexual activity but was rare in semen and vaginal secretions. Ongoing droplet precautions and awareness of the potential risk of contact with faecal matter/rectal mucosa are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020204741.

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“…Hypoxia may antagonize the iron transporter which causes abnormal iron metabolism, and then leads to ferroptosis (Naidu et al 2023 ). It is reported that hypoxia induced by COVID-19 may increase the ferritin in circulation and cause iron deficiency which cause the occurrence of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, resulting in ferroptosis (Lechuga et al 2021 ; Ondic et al 2021 ; Suresh et al 2021 ; Wang et al 2021b ). Pneumonia is the primary caused by COVID-19.…”

Section: Ferroptosis and Hypoxic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanisms of Ferroptosis Under Hypoxia

Gao,

Hu,

Qian

et al. 2023

Cell Mol Neurobiol

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Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death, which is characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxidation and increase of ROS, resulting in oxidative stress and cell death. Iron, lipid, and multiple signaling pathways precisely control the occurrence and implementation of ferroptosis. The pathways mainly include Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Activating p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway inhibits ferroptosis. Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway promotes ferroptosis. Furthermore, some factors also participate in the occurrence of ferroptosis under hypoxia, such as HIF-1, NCOA4, DMT1. Meanwhile, ferroptosis is related with hypoxia-related diseases, such as MIRI, cancers, and AKI. Accordingly, ferroptosis appears to be a therapeutic target for hypoxia-related diseases.

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SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA may rarely be present in a uterine cervix LBC sample at the asymptomatic early stage of COVID 19 disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

SARS-COV-2and female reproductive system

SARS-COV-2and female reproductive system

Viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in body fluids associated with sexual activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Mechanisms of Ferroptosis Under Hypoxia

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