SARS CoV-2 Serosurvey in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Kempen, John H.; Abashawl, Aida; Kinfemichael, Hilkiah; Difabachew, Mesfin Nigussie; Kempen, Christopher J.; Debele, Melaku Tesfaye; Menkir, Abel A.; Assefa, Maranatha T.; Asfaw, Eyob H.; Habtegabriel, Leul B.; Addisie, Yohannes Sitotaw; Nilles, Eric J.; Longenecker, J. Craig

doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.20137521

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Furthermore, seroprevalence estimates for SARS-CoV-2 obtained in this study are also comparable with results reported in other African countries during 2020 (although sample period and the testing effort might be different) ( Supplementary Table 1 ). For example, in a serosurvey of asymptomatic people conducted in May 2020 in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), 3.0% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG (27). Similarly, a seroprevalence study of 3,098 Kenyan blood donors sampled between April-June 2020 reported a national seroprevalence of 4.3%, with some urban regions reaching around 8% (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-occurrence/co-infection with malaria during the first wave of the pandemic (the Burkina Faso case)

López-Farfán

Yerbanga

Parres-Mercader

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Africa accounts for 1.5% of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 2.7% of deaths, but this low incidence has been partly attributed to the limited testing capacity in most countries. In addition, the population in many African countries is at high risk of infection with endemic infectious diseases such as malaria. Our aim is to determine the prevalence and circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the frequency of co-infection with the malaria parasite. We conducted serological tests and microscopy examinations on 998 volunteers of different ages and sexes in a random and stratified population sample in Burkina-Faso. In addition, nasopharyngeal samples were taken for RT-qPCR of SARS-COV-2 and for whole viral genome sequencing. Our results show a 3.2% and a 2.5% of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and PCR positivity; and 22% of malaria incidence, over the sampling period, with marked differences linked to age. Importantly, we found 2 cases of confirmed co-infection and 8 cases of suspected co-infection mostly in children and teenagers. Finally, we report the genome sequences of 13 SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in Burkina Faso at the time of analysis, assigned to lineages: A.19, A.21, B.1.1.404, B.1.1.118, B.1 and grouped into clades; 19B, 20A and 20B. This is the first population-based study about SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in Burkina Faso during the first wave of the pandemic, providing a relevant estimation of the real prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and variants circulating in this Sub-Saharan African country. Besides, it highlights the low frequency of co-infection with malaria in African communities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-occurrence/co-infection with malaria during the first wave of the pandemic (the Burkina Faso case)

López-Farfán

Yerbanga

Parres-Mercader

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…13 Besides, as of 10 April 2021, there were 225,516 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 3111 deaths recorded in Ethiopia. 14 Despite that a survey conducted in Addis Ababa suggested that the large majority of the people are susceptible to COVID-19, 15 no data revealed the magnitude of this disease at the community and facility level in the country, even in Africa, with adequate sample size. In addition, a resourcelimited country, such as Ethiopia, might not afford to test all respiratory tract infected patients for SARS-COV-2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features associated with SARS-COV-2 positivity among people presenting with acute respiratory tract infections to public Hospitals in Harari region, Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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Background: Despite investigating coronavirus among respiratory tract infected cases is a top priority to prevent further transmission, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity among this group of patients remains unexplored in resource-limited settings. Therefore, this study intended to assess the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity among patients presenting with acute respiratory tract infection from 1 July to 31 December 2020 in Harar Region, Ethiopia, from 15 February to 10 March 2021. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was tested by assaying oropharyngeal swabs using reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction among patients presenting with acute respiratory tract infection in Harari Public Hospitals. A binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity with an adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Out of a total of 1692 study participants, 388 (22.9%) of them tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Of these severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive patients, 364 (21.6%) patients presented with lower respiratory tract infection, while the rest only 24 (1.4%) presented with upper respiratory tract infection. Independent variables included separated/divorced in marital status (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29–0.95), presenting with cough, fever, and difficulty of breathing (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.22–4.7), age group of 30–39 years (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15–0.79), 40–49 years (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14–0.94), and 50–59 years (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13–0.76) compared to patients with the age of ⩾ 60 years, had statistically significant association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity. Conclusion: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was positive among 388 (22.9%) acute respiratory tract infected people. Elder age, particular symptoms, such as cough, fever, and difficulty of breathing, and married marital status were associated with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive test. In resource-limited setups, where a shortage of testing equipment is common, these findings could contribute to boosting targeted symptom-oriented screening schemes. Moreover, this study could have paramount clinical importance for further studies in the country.

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“…41,42 As a result, SSA countries saw overall lower rates of severe disease in the early stages of the pandemic. [43][44][45] However, following the economic pressure to reopen and relaxation of social distancing measures, infection rates have risen, with seroprevalence estimates in Kenya between 5% for 3174 blood donor samples 46 and 50% for 196 antenatal clinical samples, 47 12.3% among 500 asymptomatic health care workers in Malawi, 48 3% of 99 asymptomatic individuals sampled in Ethiopia, 49 45% in 133 health care workers in Nigeria, 50 Guinea Bissau 18% in 140 health care workers, 51 and 38.5% among 2214 individuals in households in South Sudan. 52 However, in most cases, these estimates are based on studies of target groups, such as health care workers, truck drivers, and small populations of less than 3,000 individuals.…”

Section: Seroprevalence Of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Lateral Flow Assays for Coronavirus Disease-19 Serology

Ochola

Ogongo

Mungai

et al. 2022

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine

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SARS CoV-2 Serosurvey in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-occurrence/co-infection with malaria during the first wave of the pandemic (the Burkina Faso case)

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-occurrence/co-infection with malaria during the first wave of the pandemic (the Burkina Faso case)

Features associated with SARS-COV-2 positivity among people presenting with acute respiratory tract infections to public Hospitals in Harari region, Ethiopia

Performance Evaluation of Lateral Flow Assays for Coronavirus Disease-19 Serology

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