SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T-cell responses 1 year after infection in people recovered from COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study

Guo, Li; Wang, Geng; Wang, Yeming; Zhang, Qiao; Ren, Lili; Gu, Xiaoqing; Huang, Tao; Zhong, Jingchuan; Wang, Ying; Wang, Xinming; Huang, Liying; Xu, Liuhui; Wang, Conghui; Chen, Lan; Xiao, Xia; Peng, Yanchun; Knight, Julian C.; Dong, Tao; Cao, Bin; Wang, Jianwei

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00036-2

Cited by 142 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…On the other hand, the antibody titer elicited following measles, tetanus and diphtheria vaccination was reported to decline gradually, where regular booster immunizations are required to sustain protective levels [100,101]. In a recent study on humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibody titer in the serum was noted to reduce over time after the initial infection [102]. Therefore, in addition to monitoring the presence and the level of serum antibodies post-infection, the determination of the population and diversity of B cell repertoire would be beneficial to provide a comprehensive understanding, particularly the long-term humoral immunity and protective capacity of antibodies specific against the virus, including during the event of re-exposure.…”

Section: Humoral Immunity-b Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunobiology of Nipah Virus

et al. 2022

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Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that emerged in Malaysia in 1998. It is a human pathogen capable of causing severe respiratory infection and encephalitis. The natural reservoir of NiV, Pteropus fruit bats, remains a continuous virus source for future outbreaks, although infection in the bats is largely asymptomatic. NiV provokes serious disease in various mammalian species. In the recent human NiV outbreaks in Bangladesh and India, both bats-to-human and human-to-human transmissions have been observed. NiV has been demonstrated to interfere with the innate immune response via interferon type I signaling, promoting viral dissemination and preventing antiviral response. Studies of humoral immunity in infected NiV patients and animal models have shown that NiV-specific antibodies were produced upon infection and were protective. Studies on cellular immunity response to NiV infection in human and animal models also found that the adaptive immune response, specifically CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, was stimulated upon NiV infection. The experimental vaccines and therapeutic strategies developed have provided insights into the immunological requirements for the development of successful medical countermeasures against NiV. This review summarizes the current understanding of NiV pathogenesis and innate and adaptive immune responses induced upon infection.

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Section: Humoral Immunity-b Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunobiology of Nipah Virus

et al. 2022

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“…L452R, EFR156-158G, and T478K mutations permit Delta strain partially resistant to NAbs, increasing S protein expression on the cellular membrane and enhancing the binding affinity with the ACE2 receptor [79–84] . Compared with Wuhan-Hu-1 strain (with D614G mutation), the Delta strain is 6-fold less sensitive to host NAbs retrieved from recovered COVID-19 patients infected by Wuhan-Hu-1 strain, and 8-fold less sensitive to inactivated vaccine-elicited antibodies in vitro [85,86] . Replication of the Delta strain in animal models showed higher levels of the viral subgenome and virulence compared with the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain [87] .…”

Section: Variants Of Concern (Vocs) and Their Mutation Hotpotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[79][80][81][82][83][84] Compared with Wuhan-Hu-1 strain (with D614G mutation), the Delta strain is 6-fold less sensitive to host NAbs retrieved from recovered COVID-19 patients infected by Wuhan-Hu-1 strain, and 8-fold less sensitive to inactivated vaccine-elicited antibodies in vitro. [85,86] Replication of the Delta strain in animal models showed higher levels of the viral subgenome and virulence compared with the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain. [87] Delta strain infections showed higher syncytia rates in cell models compared with those of Alpha strain.…”

Section: Voc Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional mutations of SARS-CoV-2: implications to viral transmission, pathogenicity and immune escape

Dang

Ren

Wang

2022

Chinese Medical Journal

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The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to major public health challenges globally. The increasing viral lineages identified indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 genome is evolving at a rapid rate. Viral genomic mutations may cause antigenic drift or shift, which are important ways by which SARS-CoV-2 escapes the human immune system and changes its transmissibility and virulence. Herein, we summarize the functional mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genomes to characterize its adaptive evolution to inform the development of vaccination, treatment as well as control and intervention measures.

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“…Аналогичные результаты получены L. Guo и колл. [76]. Авторы проанализировали ответы Т-клеток памяти у пациентов с тяжелым и крайне тяжелым течением COVID-19.…”

Section: варианты Sars-cov-2unclassified

“…Ответы Т-кле ток памяти на исходный штамм не нарушались новыми вариантами. Это исследование предполагает, что перекрестно-реактивные SARS-CoV-2-специфичные Т-клеточные ответы особенно важны для защиты от тяжелого заболевания, вызванного новыми штаммами VOC, тогда как ответы нейтрализующих антител, по-видимому, со временем снижаются [76].…”

Section: варианты Sars-cov-2unclassified

Cellular immunity in patients with COVID-19: molecular biology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications

Голота

2022

Journal of Clinical Practice

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The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In terms of our understanding of what is critical to contain the virus, neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 garner most of the attention, however, it is essential to recognize that it is the quality and the fitness of the virus-specific T cell and B cell response that lays the foundation for an effective neutralizing antibody response. Most people with SARS-CoV-2 infection survive and clear the virus. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells develop in almost all infected people. The role of the T-cell immune response in disease pathogenesis and long-term protective immunity is currently poorly defined, but the sophistication and variety of scientific tools now at the disposal of the scientific community make it possible to study both the breadth and depth of the immune response. Understanding the role of different T cell subpopulations in the protection or pathogenesis of COVID-19 is critical to prevention and treatment. The broader and stronger SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response in patients with severe disease may reflect a poorly functioning early T cell response that failed to control the virus. T cell responses develop early and correlate with protection, but are relatively attenuated in severe disease, due in part to lymphopenia. The expression profile of different T-cell subpopulations varies with COVID-19 of varying severity and is associated with the magnitude of T-cell responses and disease outcome. Structural changes of the genome, transcriptome, and proteome of SARS-CoV-2 promote the emergence of new variants of the virus and can reduce its interaction with antibodies and help avoid neutralization. There is a strong correlation between the number of virus-specific CD4 T cells and neutralizing IgG antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2. During primary viral infection, there is a wide variation in cellular and humoral immune responses, with patients with severe and prolonged symptoms show highly unbalanced cellular and humoral immune responses. This review focuses on the generation and clinical significance of cellular immunity in protection against severe acute infection and reinfection, as well as the potential involvement of seasonal coronavirus-specific cross-reactive T cells in response to SARS-CoV-2.

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SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T-cell responses 1 year after infection in people recovered from COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study

Cited by 142 publications

References 32 publications

The Immunobiology of Nipah Virus

The Immunobiology of Nipah Virus

Functional mutations of SARS-CoV-2: implications to viral transmission, pathogenicity and immune escape

Cellular immunity in patients with COVID-19: molecular biology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications

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