SARS-CoV-2-specific circulating T follicular helper cells correlate with neutralizing antibodies and increase during early convalescence

Boppana, Sushma; Qin, Kai; Files, Jacob K.; Russell, Ronnie M.; Stoltz, Regina; Bibollet-Ruche, Frédéric; Bansal, Anju; Erdmann, Nathan; Hahn, Beatrice H.; Goepfert, Paul

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009761

Cited by 78 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…29. This supports that SARS-COV-2 delays the Tfh cell formation directly by dysregulating miRNAs or by interfering with other pathways [2234]. 30.…”

Section: Asymptomatic Covid-19 Patients Have Early Tregssupporting

confidence: 52%

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SARS-COV-2 acts as a test of Air Pollution, Lifestyle Disorders and Immune Tolerance dysregulation in human body

Karthik¹

2021

Preprint

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SARS-COV-2 is reported to be associated with severe immune dysregulation, delayed humoral responses and accelerated innate immune response mediated damages. As the pandemic is turning the world upside down, In order to address this disease we should first get an insight into the mechanism of action through which SARS-COV-2 is achieving the above said dysregulating or modulating effects on human immune system. T his article presents the basic or skeletal mechanism through which SARS-COV-2 dysregulates immune system by targeting innate immune system, adaptive immune system and different immune tolerance check points by dysregulating different miRNA’s and the preexisting conditions or comorbidities of the patients. This article comprises of the comparative and comprehensive literature review targeting all topics with the data available/reported till date in the scientific community.

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“…29. This supports that SARS-COV-2 delays the Tfh cell formation directly by dysregulating miRNAs or by interfering with other pathways [2234]. 30.…”

Section: Asymptomatic Covid-19 Patients Have Early Tregssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…27. This Tfh cells increase in time dependent manner with robust response at 40 days from the onset of symptoms [2234]. 28.…”

Section: Asymptomatic Covid-19 Patients Have Early Tregsmentioning

confidence: 95%

SARS-COV-2 acts as a test of Air Pollution, Lifestyle Disorders and Immune Tolerance dysregulation in human body

Karthik¹

2021

Preprint

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“…Although most studies have focused on S‐specific cT FH cells, cT FH specific for N and M have also been studied. 65 , 68 , 69 Frequencies of cT FH cells specific for S, N, and M positively correlated with plasma neutralization activity as well as N‐specific IgG antibodies. 69 Interestingly, polarization between cT FH 1, cT FH 2, and cT FH 17 subsets has been reported to differ for cT FH cells specific for different SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens, 68 although the significance of this observation is currently unclear.…”

Section: The Role Of T Fh Cells In Humoral Immunity To Sars‐cov‐2mentioning

confidence: 94%

T follicular helper cells in the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Koutsakos

Lee

Wheatley

et al. 2021

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Vaccination remains the most effective mechanism to reduce the impact of COVID‐19. Induction of neutralizing antibodies is a strong correlate of protection from infection and severe disease. An understanding of the cellular events that underpin the generation of effective neutralizing antibodies is therefore key to the development of efficacious vaccines that target emerging variants of concern. Analysis of the immune response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and vaccination has identified circulating T follicular helper cells (cT FH ) as a robust correlate of the neutralizing antibody response. Here, we discuss the analysis of cT FH cells and their lymphoid counterparts in human humoral immune responses during COVID‐19, and in response to vaccination with SARS‐CoV‐2 spike. We discuss the phenotypic heterogeneity of cT FH cells and the utility of cT FH subsets as informative biomarkers for development of humoral immunity. We posit that the analysis of the most effective cT FH will be critical to inducing durable immunity to new variants of SARS‐CoV‐2.

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“…On the other hand, rapid induction of CD4 + T cells is associated with coordinated humoral and cellular response to a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine 20 . SARS-CoV-2-specific circulating T follicular helper cells (cTFH) cells, whose counterparts in lymph nodes reinforce B cells and humoral responses 21 , correlated with Nab levels in convalescent COVID-19 patients 22 , 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust induction of B cell and T cell responses by a third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine

et al. 2022

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SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccines have shown remarkable efficacy in clinical trials, especially in reducing severe illness and casualty. However, the waning of humoral immunity over time has raised concern over the durability of immune memory following vaccination. Thus, we conducted a nonrandomized trial among the healthcare workers (HCWs) to investigate the long-term sustainability of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells and T cells stimulated by inactivated vaccines and the potential need for a third booster dose. Although neutralizing antibodies elicited by the standard two-dose vaccination schedule dropped from a peak of 29.3 arbitrary units (AU)/mL to 8.8 AU/mL 5 months after the second vaccination, spike-specific memory B and T cells were still detectable, forming the basis for a quick recall response. As expected, the faded humoral immune response was vigorously elevated to 63.6 AU/mL by 7.2 folds 1 week after the third dose along with abundant spike-specific circulating follicular helper T cells in parallel. Meanwhile, spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were also robustly elevated by 5.9 and 2.7 folds respectively. Robust expansion of memory pools by the third dose potentiated greater durability of protective immune responses. Another key finding in this trial was that HCWs with low serological response to two doses were not truly “non-responders” but fully equipped with immune memory that could be quickly recalled by a third dose even 5 months after the second vaccination. Collectively, these data provide insights into the generation of long-term immunological memory by the inactivated vaccine, which could be rapidly recalled and further boosted by a third dose.

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SARS-CoV-2-specific circulating T follicular helper cells correlate with neutralizing antibodies and increase during early convalescence

Cited by 78 publications

References 60 publications

SARS-COV-2 acts as a test of Air Pollution, Lifestyle Disorders and Immune Tolerance dysregulation in human body

SARS-COV-2 acts as a test of Air Pollution, Lifestyle Disorders and Immune Tolerance dysregulation in human body

T follicular helper cells in the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Robust induction of B cell and T cell responses by a third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine

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