2022
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840126
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SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Response in Severe and Fatal COVID-19 in Primary Antibody Deficiency Patients Without Specific Humoral Immunity

Abstract: Morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 is increased in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Age and comorbidities and also impaired type I interferon immunity were identified as relevant risk factors. In patients with primary antibody deficiency (PAD) and lack of specific humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, clinical disease outcome is very heterogeneous. Despite extensive clinical reports, underlying immunological mechanisms are poorly characterized and levels of T cellular and innate immunity in sev… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(32 citation statements)
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References 57 publications
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“…Over the past 2 years, outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported for ∼1330 individuals with IEI. These studies range from reports of single cases or small numbers of patients 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 to cohort studies from Iran, 89 , 90 , 91 Turkey, 92 , 93 , 94 Brazil, 95 , 96 Israel, 97 Italy, 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 Spain, 102 the United Kingdom, 15 , 103 , 104 Mexico, 105 Denmark, 106 , 107 Poland, 108 …”
Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection Covid-19 and Ieimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Over the past 2 years, outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported for ∼1330 individuals with IEI. These studies range from reports of single cases or small numbers of patients 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 to cohort studies from Iran, 89 , 90 , 91 Turkey, 92 , 93 , 94 Brazil, 95 , 96 Israel, 97 Italy, 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 Spain, 102 the United Kingdom, 15 , 103 , 104 Mexico, 105 Denmark, 106 , 107 Poland, 108 …”
Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection Covid-19 and Ieimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thirteen cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported in patients with Good syndrome (thymoma with hypogammaglobulinemia) ( 5 7 , 9 , 59 , 65 , 98 100 ). Most subjects had severe and critical disease, with an ICU admission rate of 62% ( n = 8) and a mortality rate of 31% ( n = 4).…”
Section: Good Syndromementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hyperinflammatory status, septic shock, and respiratory and cardiac failure were the cause of death ( 6 , 7 ). Neutralizing autoantibodies to type I IFN are common in Good syndrome and likely represent a risk factor for severe COVID-19; however, 2 of the 13 patients lacked these autoantibodies and yet suffered from critical or severe disease ( 65 ).…”
Section: Good Syndromementioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, antibody titers increased more rapidly and to a higher level in patients who were hospitalized. Although data are currently limited, some evidence is beginning to emerge supporting the medical value of antibody testing in the acute management of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (32).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%