SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces immunological T cell memory able to cross-recognize variants from Alpha to Omicron

Tarke, Alison; Coelho, Camila H.; Zhang, Zeli; Dan, Jennifer M.; Yu, Esther Dawen; Methot, Nils; Bloom, Nathaniel I.; Goodwin, Benjamin; Phillips, Elizabeth; Mallal, S.; Sidney, John; Filaci, Gilberto; Weiskopf, Daniela; Antunes, Ricardo da Silva; Crotty, Shane; Grifoni, Alba; Sette, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.015

Cited by 722 publications

(845 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

764

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Nonetheless, among the many subjects fully vaccinated who test positive for SARS-CoV-2, the striking majority reports mild or no symptoms (Juthani et al, 2021). Indeed, if the reduced antibody neutralization capability predisposes to infection, T cell immunity is substantially conserved against viral variants, thus conferring protection from severe disease (Mazzoni et al, 2022, Tarke et al, 2022). However, in some cases hospitalization is needed, but the predisposing factors for increased risk of severe COVID-19 in vaccinated subjects are currently unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals requiring hospitalization

Lamacchia

Mazzoni

Spinicci

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Waning immunity and the surge of SARS-CoV-2 variants are responsible for breakthrough infections, i.e. infections in fully vaccinated individuals. Although the majority of vaccinated infected subjects reports mild or no symptoms, some others require hospitalization. The clinical and immunological features of vaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients are currently unknown. Methods: 29 unvaccinated and 36 vaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients were prospectively enrolled and clinical and laboratory data. Immunophenotyping of leukocytes subsets, T and B cell SARS-CoV-2 specific responses were evaluated via flow cytometry. Anti-IFN-α autoantibodies were measured via ELISA. Results: Despite vaccinated patients were older and with more comorbidities, unvaccinated subjects showed higher levels of pro-inflammatory markers, more severe disease and increased mortality rate. Accordingly, they presented significant alterations in the circulating leukocyte composition, typical of severe COVID-19. Vaccinated patients displayed higher levels of anti-Spike IgGs and Spike-specific B cells. Of all participants, survivors showed higher levels of anti-Spike IgGs and S-specific CD4+ T cells than non-survivors. At hospital admission, 6 out of 65 patients (9.2%) displayed high serum concentrations of autoantibodies targeting IFN-α. Remarkably, 3 were unvaccinated and eventually died, while the other 3 were vaccinated and survived. Conclusion: Despite more severe pre-existing clinical conditions, vaccinated patients have good outcome. A rapid activation of anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity is fundamental for the resolution of the infection. Therefore, prior immunization through vaccination provides a significant contribute to prevention of disease worsening and can even overcome the presence of high-risk factors (i.e. older age, comorbidities, anti-IFN-α autoantibodies positivity).

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals requiring hospitalization

Lamacchia

Mazzoni

Spinicci

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study, we analysed only one critical component of immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Non-neutralising functions of antibodies and T-cell responses may be less affected by mutations of the Omicron variant and may thereby provide some compensation to immune escape 10 . A limitation of the study is that Group 1 is mainly composed of older-aged, hospitalised subjects with severe disease and multiple comorbidities in 50% of Group 1 subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine confer neutralising antibody capacity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our data in IBD patients under different immune-modifying treatments demonstrate a similar pattern of reduced recognition only in a minority of tested patient samples. This finding suggests that, as in healthy vaccinated individuals (20,21), the Spike-specific T cells of patients undergoing various immune-modifying regimens mount a multispecific T cell response against different conserved regions of Spike. Therefore, vaccinated patients undergoing TNFi therapy may develop reliable protection against severe disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Favourable vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response profile in patients undergoing immune-modifying therapies

Bert

Chan

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patients undergoing immune-modifying therapies demonstrate a reduced humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination, but we lack a proper evaluation of the impact of such therapies on vaccine-induced T cell responses. Here, we longitudinally characterised humoral and Spike-specific T cell responses in IBD patients who are on antimetabolite therapy (azathioprine or methotrexate), TNF inhibitors and/or other biologic treatment (anti-integrin or anti-p40) after mRNA vaccination. We demonstrated that a Spike-specific T cell response is not only induced in treated IBD patients at levels similar to healthy individuals, but also sustained at higher magnitude, particularly in those treated with TNF inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, the Spike-specific T cell response in these patients is mainly preserved against mutations present in SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) and characterized by a Th1/IL-10 cytokine profile. Thus, despite the humoral response defects, the favourable profile of vaccine-induced T cell responses might still provide a layer of COVID-19 protection to patients under immune-modifying therapies.

show abstract

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces immunological T cell memory able to cross-recognize variants from Alpha to Omicron

Cited by 722 publications

References 60 publications

Clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals requiring hospitalization

Clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals requiring hospitalization

Three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine confer neutralising antibody capacity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Favourable vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response profile in patients undergoing immune-modifying therapies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About