SARS-CoV-2 variants and environmental effects of lockdowns, masks and vaccination: a review

Akter, Shirin; Zakia, Marzuka Ahmed; Mofijur, M.; Ahmed, Shams Forruque; Vo, Dai‐Viet N.; Khandaker, Gulam; Mahlia, T.M.I.

doi:10.1007/s10311-021-01323-7

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The inadvertently indirect environmental factors, such as low emission of air pollution, low-density population, tropical weather in summer season, and the rural areas between the coast and the mountains, might be minor factors that helped to stop the Pingtung Delta-SARS-CoV-2 outbreak within 1 month. The previ-ous study reported that indirectly preventive measures like mandatory face masks, the implementation of lockdown leading to restriction of human activities and improvement of air quality, and vaccination is probably limited for the spread of the different SARS-CoV-2 variants [36]. No new COVID-19 cases including Omicron were found in Pingtung after the end of the Pingtung Delta-variant outbreak (5 July, 2021) until the present (27 January, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Control of a SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant COVID-19 Community Outbreak: The Successful Experience in Pingtung County of Taiwan

Shy

Lin

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was an outbreak in December, 2019 and rapidly spread to the world. All variants of SARS-CoV-2, including the globally and currently dominant Delta variant (Delta-SARS-CoV-2), caused severe disease and mortality. Among all variants, Delta-SARS-CoV-2 had the highest transmissibility, growth rate, and secondary attack rate than other variants except for the new variant of Omicron that still exists with many unknown effects. In Taiwan, the pandemic Delta-SARS-CoV-2 began in Pingtung from 14 June, 2021 and ceased at 11 July, 2021. Seventeen patients were infected by Delta-SARS-CoV-2 and 1 person died during the Pingtung outbreak. The Public Health Bureau of Pingtung County Government stopped the Delta-SARS-CoV-2 outbreak within 1 month through measures such as epidemic investigation, rapid gene sequencing, rapidly expanding isolation, expanded screening of the Delta-SARS-CoV-2 antigen for people who lived in regional villages, and indirect intervention, including rapid vaccination, short lockdown period, and travel restrictions. Indirect environmental factors, such as low levels of air pollution, tropic weather in the summer season, and rural areas might have accelerated the ability to control the Delta-SARS-CoV-2 spread. This successful experience might be recommended as a successful formula for the unvaccinated or insufficiently vaccinated regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Control of a SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant COVID-19 Community Outbreak: The Successful Experience in Pingtung County of Taiwan

Shy

Lin

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…On the one hand, there are reports that both indoor and outdoor air pollution increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its cardiovascular complications (Ali and Islam 2020 ). On the other hand, there is evidence that preventive measures to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 can be a source of environmental pollution, including air pollution, and have adverse health effects (Akter et al 2021 ; Ufnalska and Lichtfouse 2021 ).…”

Section: Associations Between Chronic Ambient Air Pollution and Cardi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Links between chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: a review

Konduracka

Rostoff

2022

Environ Chem Lett

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Acute exposure to air pollution is associated with an increasing risk of death and cardiovascular disorders. Nonetheless, the impact of chronic exposure to air pollution on the circulatory system is still debated. Here, we review the links of chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution with mortality and most common cardiovascular diseases, in particular during the coronavirus disease 2019 event (COVID-19). We found that recent studies provide robust evidence for a causal effect of chronic exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular mortality. In terms of mortality, the strongest relationship was noted for fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. There is also increasing evidence showing that exposure to air pollution, mainly fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, is associated with the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, and heart failure. However, available scientific evidence is not strong enough to support associations with cardiac arrhythmias and coagulation disturbances. Noteworthy, for some pollutants, the risk of negative health effects is high for concentrations lower than the limit values recommended by the European Union and Word Health Organization. Efforts to diminish exposure to air pollution and to design optimal methods of air pollution reduction should be urgently intensified and supported by effective legislation and interdisciplinary cooperation.

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“…Like other RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 has very high mutation rates (Akter et al 2021 ; Dai et al 2020 ; Duffy 2018 ; Wu et al 2021 ). To date, a total of 407 pango lineages of SARS-CoV-2 variants have been identified (Nextstrain 2021 ).…”

Section: What Next After the Delta Variant?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was concluded that, although their effectiveness rates decreased to some extent, the current vaccines developed for SARS-CoV-2 still provide considerable protection against the Delta variant. Like other RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 has very high mutation rates (Akter et al 2021;Dai et al 2020;Duffy 2018;Wu et al 2021). To date, a total of 407 pango lineages of SARS-CoV-2 variants have been identified (Nextstrain 2021).…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Current Vaccines On the Delta Variantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will the COVID-19 pandemic end with the Delta and Omicron variants?

Wang

Han

2022

Environ Chem Lett

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SARS-CoV-2 variants and environmental effects of lockdowns, masks and vaccination: a review

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Rapid Control of a SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant COVID-19 Community Outbreak: The Successful Experience in Pingtung County of Taiwan

Rapid Control of a SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant COVID-19 Community Outbreak: The Successful Experience in Pingtung County of Taiwan

Links between chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: a review

Will the COVID-19 pandemic end with the Delta and Omicron variants?

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