SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Current Vaccines and Therapeutic Implications for COVID-19

Liang, Hongyu; Wu, Yuyan; Yau, Vicky; Yin, Huan-Xin; Lowe, Scott W.; Bentley, Rachel; Ahmed, Mashrafi; Zhao, Wenjing; Sun, Chenyu

doi:10.3390/vaccines10091538

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…With waves of new variants emerging, 28–35 of which the omicron variant carries about 50 mutations not seen in combination before (World Health Organization 2021), 36–40 new vaccines may formulate. It generates the discussion of the need to continue booster doses indefinitely, which will inevitably increase the risk of DIRs in patients with implants 41 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17][18][19] As for the time to onset of complications after vaccination, it may depend on the type and dose of vaccine, immune status, history of COVID-19 pneumonia, and comorbidities. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] With waves of new variants emerging, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] of which the omicron variant carries about 50 mutations not seen in combination before (World Health Organization 2021), [36][37][38][39][40] new vaccines may formulate. It generates the discussion of the need to continue booster doses indefinitely, which will inevitably increase the risk of DIRs in patients with implants.…”

Section: Statistics Of All Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse reactions to cosmetic implants after COVID‐19 vaccination: A literature review

Cheng,

Cai,

Tang

2023

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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BackgroundAs the world's population of people vaccinated with the COVID‐19 vaccine increases, adverse reactions are increasingly being reported. There have been progressive reports of the effects of COVID‐19 vaccination on cosmetic fillers or prostheses, but they have not been reviewed based on their clinical morphologic patterns. This article reviewed the progress of research on adverse reactions to cosmetic implants after COVID‐19 vaccination.MethodsWe researched the English‐language literature up to October 15, 2022, using predefined keywords to identify relevant studies about adverse reactions to cosmetic implants after the COVID‐19 vaccination, collecting patient characteristics, implant type, the time interval between vaccination and implantation or injection, time of onset, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes.ResultsAmong the adverse reactions to implants associated with COVID‐19 vaccination, we distinguished between (1) injectable fillers and (2) surgical prosthetic implants. The most common adverse reactions were at the site of hyaluronic acid injection and breast prosthesis after Pfizer vaccination, mainly DIRs, and mainly manifested as edema, rash, fever, and capsular contracture. This paper also reported the possible causes, treatments of DIRs, and limitations of current studies.ConclusionsIn this article, we attempted to investigate and discuss all the adverse reactions of cosmetic implants related to COVID‐19 vaccination in the current literature, to unmask these reactions and make a more accurate assessment of vaccine safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistics Of All Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse reactions to cosmetic implants after COVID‐19 vaccination: A literature review

Cheng,

Cai,

Tang

2023

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…Firstly, the pooled effects were synthesized by using the confounding variables-adjusted data (chiefly controlling sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, renal disease, liver disease, chronic pulmonary disease, etc. ), but additional confounding variables (such as types and severity of peptic ulcer disease, medications, vaccination status and SARS-CoV-2 variants) [ 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ] might certainly have significant impacts on the relationship of peptic ulcer disease with COVID-19 severity. To our knowledge, none of the included studies offered details on the types and severity of peptic ulcer disease, medications, vaccination status or SARS-CoV-2 variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis on the Association between Peptic Ulcer Disease and COVID-19 Severity

Wang

Shi

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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The association between peptic ulcer disease and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inconclusive across individual studies. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and COVID-19 severity through a meta-analysis. The electronic databases (Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, EMBASE, Elsevier, Cochrane Library, Scopus and PubMed) were retrieved for all eligible studies. The Stata 11.2 software was used for all statistical analyses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by a random-effects meta-analysis model. The heterogeneity was evaluated by the inconsistency index (I2) and Cochran’s Q test. Egger’s analysis and Begg’s analysis were conducted to evaluate the publication bias. Meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis were done to explore the potential source of heterogeneity. Totally, our findings based on confounding variables-adjusted data indicated that there was no significant association between peptic ulcer disease and the higher risk for COVID-19 severity (pooled OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.97–1.41) based on 15 eligible studies with 4,533,426 participants. When the subgroup analysis was performed by age (mean or median), there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity among studies with age ≥ 60 years old (pooled OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.32), but not among studies with age < 60 years old (pooled OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.89–1.50). Our meta-analysis showed that there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity among older patients but not among younger patients.

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“…In addition, the replacement of leucine at position 18 with phenylalanine (L18F) and the loss of amino acids at positions 242, 244, and 243 causes rearrangement of the NTD epitope, which significantly reduces the antiviral efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against the NTD ( Sutton et al, 2022 ; Yadav et al, 2022 ). Therefore, the main features of the Beta variant strain are vaccination-induced immunity escape, elevated transmissibility, and evasion of immune cell recognition, thus reducing the protection afforded by COVID-19 vaccines ( Bhattarai et al, 2021 ; Liang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Is Mutatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel receptor, mutation, vaccine, and establishment of coping mode for SARS-CoV-2: current status and future

et al. 2023

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Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resultant pneumonia in December 2019, the cumulative number of infected people worldwide has exceeded 670 million, with over 6.8 million deaths. Despite the marketing of multiple series of vaccines and the implementation of strict prevention and control measures in many countries, the spread and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 have not been completely and effectively controlled. The latest research shows that in addition to angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), dozens of protein molecules, including AXL, can act as host receptors for SARS-CoV-2 infecting human cells, and virus mutation and immune evasion never seem to stop. To sum up, this review summarizes and organizes the latest relevant literature, comprehensively reviews the genome characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 as well as receptor-based pathogenesis (including ACE2 and other new receptors), mutation and immune evasion, vaccine development and other aspects, and proposes a series of prevention and treatment opinions. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 along with a research basis and new ideas for the diagnosis and classification, of COVID-19-related disease and for drug and vaccine research and development.

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SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Current Vaccines and Therapeutic Implications for COVID-19

Cited by 14 publications

References 210 publications

Adverse reactions to cosmetic implants after COVID‐19 vaccination: A literature review

Adverse reactions to cosmetic implants after COVID‐19 vaccination: A literature review

A Meta-Analysis on the Association between Peptic Ulcer Disease and COVID-19 Severity

Novel receptor, mutation, vaccine, and establishment of coping mode for SARS-CoV-2: current status and future

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