SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern exhibit reduced sensitivity to live-virus neutralization in sera from CoronaVac vaccinees and naturally infected COVID-19 patients

Vacharathit, Vimvara; Aiewsakun, Pakorn; Manopwisedjaroen, Suwimon; Srisaowakarn, Chanya; Laopanupong, Thanida; Ludowyke, Natali; Phuphuakrat, Angsana; Setthaudom, Chavachol; Ekronarongchai, Supanuch; Srichatrapimuk, Sirawat; Wongsirisin, Pattama; Sangrajrang, Suleeporn; Imsuwansri, Thanarath; Kirdlarp, Suppachok; Nualkaew, Sureeporn; Sensorn, Insee; Sawaengdee, Waritta; Wichukchinda, Nuanjun; Sungkanuparph, Somnuek; Chantratita, Wasun; Kunakorn, Mongkol; Rojanamatin, Jinda; Hongeng, Suradej; Thitithanyanont, Arunee

doi:10.1101/2021.07.10.21260232

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In non-cancer population, inconsistent results have been reported regarding the length of persistence of both SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and NAb over time, 20,[28][29][30][31] thus it is challenging to relate our data to those prior reports. In line with data for non-cancer SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients 32 , we found that neutralising activity against Alpha, Beta, and Delta VOCs was decreased. This raises concerns about the ability of natural immunity to one variant to protect against other VOCs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Functional antibody and T-cell immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by variants of concern, in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study

Fendler¹,

Au²,

Shepherd³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Patients with cancer have higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Here we present the prospective CAPTURE study (NCT03226886) integrating longitudinal immune profiling with clinical annotation. Of 357 patients with cancer, 118 were SARS-CoV-2-positive, 94 were symptomatic and 2 patients died of COVID-19. In this cohort, 83% patients had S1-reactive antibodies, 82% had neutralizing antibodies against WT, whereas neutralizing antibody titers (NAbT) against the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants were substantially reduced. Whereas S1-reactive antibody levels decreased in 13% of patients, NAbT remained stable up to 329 days. Patients also had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and CD4+ responses correlating with S1-reactive antibody levels, although patients with hematological malignancies had impaired immune responses that were disease and treatment-specific, but presented compensatory cellular responses, further supported by clinical. Overall, these findings advance the understanding of the nature and duration of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Functional antibody and T-cell immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by variants of concern, in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study

Fendler¹,

Au²,

Shepherd³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In addition, antibody levels of the I/I schedule at 4 wks were lower than natural infection 2021.This agreement with a prior study that S1-RBD-binding IgG titer of natural infection 2021 was higher than homologous CoronaVac vaccination 8 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This is compatible with a previous study utilizing a pseudovirus neutralization assay, serum from CoronaVac vaccinees collected 14 days following the second dose of the vaccine presented higher Beta resistance to neutralization than Alpha 16 . Moreover, this Nab level at 2wks against all VOCs decreased significantly compared to WT correlate with study 8 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The outbreaks of the Delta variant in Indonesia occurred in the middle of 2021 6 . In July 2021, the Royal Society of Physicians in Indonesia reported the highest mortality rates from COVID19 in health care workers who were fully vaccinated with CoronaVac, this report 6 prompted global concerns about the efficacy of inactivated viral vaccine against the Delta variants after several months post-vaccination.In some countries where the inactivated viral vaccine was used at the beginning of 2021, such as Bahrain, China, United Arab Emirates, and Egypt, the booster dose (third dose) by mRNA vaccine were offered to elderly and high-risk populations in the middle of 2021 7 The immunogenicity study of inactivated whole virus vaccine in Thailand suggested that inactivated virus vaccine with Wuhan's variant S protein provided low immunogenicity against the alpha and Delta variant 8 preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.05.21264700 doi: medRxiv preprint higher immunogenicity than I/I regimens and in shorter duration intervals when compared to the V/V regimen, the risk was the possibility of a higher rate of adverse events than the I/I schedule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogenicity and adverse events of priming with inactivated whole SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) followed by boosting the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine

Mahasirimongkol¹,

Khunphon²,

Kwangsukstid

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundResponding to SARS-CoV-2 Delta variants escaped the vaccine-induced immunity and waning immunity from the inactivated whole virus vaccine, Thailand recently proposed a heterologous inactivated whole virus vaccine (CoronaVac) viral vector vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) prime-boost vaccine regimen(I/V). This study aims to evaluate the immunogenicity and adverse events of this regimen by comparison with homologous CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and convalescent serum.MethodImmunogenicity was evaluated by the level of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1 subunit) (anti-S RBD). At 2 weeks following the second dosage, a selection of random samples was tested for plaque reduction neutralisation (PRNT) and Pseudotype-Based Microneutralization test (PVNT) against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). The safety profile of heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime-boost vaccine regimen was described by interviewing at the 1-month visit.ResultBetween April to August 2021,426 participants were included in the study, with 155 obtaining CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19(I/V),32 obtaining homologous CoronaVac(I/I),47 obtaining homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19(V/V),169 with history covid-19 infection. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) of anti-S RBD level in the I/V group compare 2wks and 4 wks (873.9 vs 639,p=0.00114).At 4 wks, GMTs of anti-S RBD level in I/V group was 639, 95% CI 63-726,and natural infection group 177.3, 95% CI 42-221, and V/V group 211.1, 95% CI 77-152, and I/I group 108.2, 95% CI 77-152; all p<0.001).At 2 wks, The GMTs of 50%PRNT of 19 sampling from the I/V group is 434.5, 95% CI 326-579, against wild type and 80.4, 95% CI 56-115, against alpha and 67.4, 95% CI 48-95, against delta and 19.8, 95% CI 14-30, against beta; all p<0.001. At 2 wks, The GMTs of 50%PVNT of 15 sampling from the I/V group is 597.8, 95% CI 368-970, against wild type and 163.9, 95% CI 89-301, against alpha and 157.7, 95% CI 66-378, against delta. The AEs in the I/V schedule were well tolerated and generally unremarkable.ConclusionThe I/V vaccination is a mixed regimen that induced higher immunogenicity and shall be considered for responding to Delta Variants when only inactivated whole virus vaccine and viral vector vaccine was available.

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“…It has been reported that the variant Delta was more resistant to neutralization by some monoclonal antibodies toward RBD and N-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 as well as by two doses of Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccine [ 5 ]. A preprint result from Thailand suggested a similar finding, in which CoronaVac-vaccinated subjects had a much reduced neutralizing capacity against the variant Delta [ 6 ]. As two doses of CoronaVac only induced relatively low titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies, it is likely that CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals will require a booster.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Assessment on anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibodies among CoronaVac-vaccinated Indonesian adults

Sanjaya

Pinontoan

et al. 2022

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

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The immunogenicity of CoronaVac among Indonesian adults at the academic premises was investigated. Two doses of CoronaVac vaccine induced a complete seroconversion on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) naïve adults with titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies ranging from 9.1 to 151.9 U/mL. The median value was lower than the one observed in recovered adults with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (38.7 vs. 114.5 U/mL). Nonetheless, 93.6% of the vaccinated adults, in contrast to 76.5% of the recovered adults, displayed inhibition rates above the cut-off to block RBD-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding. This suggests that two doses of CoronaVac were immunogenic and likely to be protective among Indonesian adults.

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SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern exhibit reduced sensitivity to live-virus neutralization in sera from CoronaVac vaccinees and naturally infected COVID-19 patients

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Functional antibody and T-cell immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by variants of concern, in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study

Functional antibody and T-cell immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by variants of concern, in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study

Immunogenicity and adverse events of priming with inactivated whole SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) followed by boosting the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine

Assessment on anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibodies among CoronaVac-vaccinated Indonesian adults

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