Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

Abstract

Abstract:As specifically designed platforms are still unavailable at this point in time, lava flows are usually monitored remotely with the use of meteorological satellites. Generally, meteorological satellites have a low spatial resolution, which leads to uncertain results. This paper presents the first long term satellite monitoring of active lava flows on Stromboli volcano (August-November 2014) at high spatial resolution (160 m) and relatively high temporal resolution (~3 days). These data were retrieved by the small satellite Technology Experiment Carrier-1 (TET-1), which was developed and built by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The satellite instrument is dedicated to high temperature event monitoring. The satellite observations were accompanied by field observations conducted by thermal cameras. These provided short time lava flow dynamics and validation for satellite data. TET-1 retrieved 27 datasets over Stromboli during its effusive activity. Using the radiant density approach, TET-1 data were used to calibrate the MODVOLC data and estimate the time averaged lava discharge rate. With a mean output rate of 0.87 m 3 /s during the three-month-long eruption, we estimate the total erupted volume to be 7.4ˆ10 6 m 3 .

Guidelines on the use of inverse velocity method as a tool for setting alarm thresholds and forecasting landslides and structure collapses

“…(≈100 m below the NEC, Di Traglia et al 2015;Rizzo et al 2015;Zakšek et al 2015). Debris cone material likely reached the sea, but tsunami waves were not recorded.…”

An Overview of Infrared Remote Sensing of Volcanic Activity

“…In 2012, a new DLR mission, FireBIRD, commenced, with the micro-Technologieerprobungsträger 1 (TET-1) satellite being launched, possessing two infrared sensors [74]. Although fire observation was the objective of FireBIRD, in late 2014, it imaged the effusion of lava at Stromboli Volcano, Italy, and in this case, its adaptive gain settings meant that while a coincident MODIS image experienced saturation, its data remained unsaturated; and its higher MIR spatial resolution (320 m) provided a relatively more detailed image [75].…”

“…China launched one such system, the Small Satellite Constellation for Environment Protection and Disaster Monitoring in 2008, and with its 30-m resolution infrared imaging capabilities, this system has proven useful in observing wildfires [128]. The DLR has also instigated a fire monitoring constellation, FireBIRD, with the first satellite, TET-1, having already shown utility in providing high resolution MIR and TIR imagery of a Strombolian lava flow [75]. The second satellite of the FireBIRD constellation, the Bi-spectral InfraRed Optical System (BIROS), was launched in 2016, and it is envisaged that in total, the FireBIRD constellation will have a three-day revisit period for locations at the Equator [75].…”

Susceptibility of intrusion-related landslides at volcanic islands: the Stromboli case study

“…Ephemeral vents fed flank eruptions (1 every 5 years; Rosi et al 2013), which opened at different heights but almost always confined in the SdF (Tibaldi et al 2009), and were often associated with tsunamis (1 every 20 years; Rosi et al 2013). The last flank eruption occurred inside the SdF and lasted 4 months from August to November 2014 Rizzo et al 2015;Zakšek et al 2015), whereas outside the SdF, the last episode dates back to the Roman age (Arrighi et al 2004). The SdF depression is filled with volcaniclastic deposits and lavas (Apuani et al 2005a), emitted from the strombolian activity and lava flows from the summit crater terrace and the ephemeral vents within the SdF (Rosi et al 2013).…”