Satellite-based characterization of climatic conditions before large-scale general flowering events in Peninsular Malaysia

Azmy, Muna Maryam; Hashim, Mazlan; Numata, Shusuke; Hosaka, Tetsurō; Noor, Nur Supardi Md.; Fletcher, Christine

doi:10.1038/srep32329

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A first and crucial task in understanding general flowering events is to identify the proximate cues responsible for interspecific reproductive synchrony. Several environmental events occur at irregular multi‐year intervals in Southeast Asia and have been proposed as proximate cues for general flowering, including drought (Azmy et al., ; Brearley et al., ; Curran et al., ; Kobayashi et al., ; Sakai et al., ; Whitmore, ), cloud‐free conditions and high solar radiation (Azmy et al., ; Ng, ; van Schaik et al., ; Wycherley, ), a drop or a rise in mean temperature (Appanah, ; Wycherley, ), and a drop of minimum night‐time temperature (Ashton et al., ; Yasuda et al., ). In addition, stored nutrients have been implicated as an endogenous factor regulating flowering (Appanah, ; Burgess, ; Ichie & Nakagawa, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species‐specific flowering cues among general flowering Shorea species at the Pasoh Research Forest, Malaysia

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. In a unique phenomenon restricted to the ever wet forests of Southeast Asia, hundreds of species from dozens of plant families reproduce synchronously at irregular, multi-year intervals. The proximate environmental cues that synchronize these general flowering events have not been evaluated systematically because there have been no long-term, high temporal resolution, species-level records from the region.2. We present 13 years of weekly flowering records for five Shorea species as well as daily temperature and rainfall records from the Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. We constructed models to evaluate hypothesized relationships between flowering and cool temperature, drought, and additive and synergistic effects of cool temperature and drought for each species. Model parameters include periods of time for floral cue accumulation and flower development and temperature and/ or rainfall thresholds required for floral initiation. Parameters estimated using flowering observations from 2001 to 2011 were used to forecast flowering for 2011-2014. 3. We show that drought and cool temperatures acting synergistically best explain the timing of flowering events for all Shorea species in the section Mutica and forecast the largest general flowering event accurately. Periods estimated for signal accumulation ranged from 54 to 90 days among species. Periods estimated for flowers to develop ranged between 43 and 96 days and closely followed the interspecific sequence of flowering in the Shorea species. Drought and temperature thresholds also varied among species, with Shorea maxwelliana requiring the most severe drought and Shorea leprosula the lowest temperatures. 4. Synthesis. Our results indicate that cool temperatures and low rainfall occurring on seasonal time-scales of about 2-3 months rather than brief cold snaps or brief droughts best explain general flowering in Shorea species at the Pasoh | 587 Journal of Ecology CHEN Et al.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species‐specific flowering cues among general flowering Shorea species at the Pasoh Research Forest, Malaysia

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Remote sensing has the advantages of scanning the entire region, shortly revisiting to the same region, and conveniently accessing to the data. With the rapid development in the last decades, remote sensing technology has been widely used for drought monitoring, especially for the temporal-spatial evolution of drought 14 – 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-Temporal Variation of Drought in China from 1982 to 2010 Based on a modified Temperature Vegetation Drought Index (mTVDI)

Zhao

Cong

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Droughts cause huge losses of society and environment, therefore it is important to study the spatial-temporal pattern of drought. The traditional remote sensing drought indices (AVI, VCI and TCI) only consider the single factor representing the soil moisture (surface temperature or NDVI). The comprehensive remote sensing drought indices (VSWI and TVDI) can estimate the soil moisture more accurately, but they are not suitable for large scale region especially with great elevation variation. In this study, a modified Temperature Vegetation Drought Index (mTVDI) was constructed based on the correction of elevation and dry edge. Compared with the traditional drought indices, mTVDI had a better relationship with soil moisture in all selected months (R = −0.376, −0.406, −0.459, and −0.265, p < 0.05). mTVDI was used to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of drought in China from 1982 to 2010. The results showed that droughts appeared more frequently in Northwest China and the southwest of Tibet while drought centers of North and Southwest China appeared in Huanghuaihai Plain and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau respectively. The frequency of drought was increasing as a whole while the frequency of severe drought increased significantly by 4.86% and slight drought increased slowly during 1982 to 2010. The results are useful for the understanding of drought and policy making of climate change.

show abstract

“…For at least 60 years, ecologists have sought to understand the evolution of the unique reproductive phenology that is a feature of dipterocarp‐dominated everwet tropical forests in Southeast Asia and parts of Sri Lanka (Appanah, ; Ashton, ; Ashton, Givnish, & Appanah, ; Azmy et al., ; Cannon, Curran, Marshall, & Leighton, ; Curran, ; Janzen, ; Medway, ; Numata, Yasuda, Okuda, Kachi, & Noor, ; Sakai et al., , ; Sun, Chen, Hubbell, Wright, & Noor, ). “General flowering” (GF), as it has come to be widely known, is a phenological pattern characterized by an entire forest community reproducing in synchrony on a supraannual schedule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sakai, ). The environmental cue that initiates GF events in these forests appears to be either periods of either low temperature (Appanah, ; Ashton et al., ; Yasuda et al., ) or drought (Appanah, ; Azmy et al., ; Medway, ; Numata et al., ; Sakai et al., ; Spencer, ) often associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation events (Ashton et al., ; Cannon et al., ; Curran, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenology of a dipterocarp forest with seasonal drought: Insights into the origin of general flowering

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. Our understanding of the factors that shape reproductive phenology in Southeast Asian tropical forests comes almost exclusively from studies of everwet, general flowering (GF) forests. Therefore, we examined the phenology of an evergreen dipterocarp forest in a climate exhibiting seasonal drought in Southeast Asia, with the aim of evaluating what evidence it brings to bear on the hypothesis that reproductive phenology in contemporary dipterocarp forests is the product of evolutionarily conserved responses to seasonal drought.2. We hypothesized that (1) dipterocarp forests that experience seasonal drought would exhibit annual reproduction and seasonality similar to that of forests with similar climates in other parts of the world, (2) within species, flowering frequency would be climate-dependent, not a fixed trait, and (3) climatic events that cue flowering in everwet forests would also cue flowering in seasonally dry forests.3. From 2001 to 2009, we monitored flowering and fruiting monthly for 1,344 trees (>300 spp.) in a forest in Khao Chong (KC), Thailand that experiences an annual 2-4 month dry season, assessing frequency, duration, seasonality and synchrony of reproduction. We also examined phenological records for trees in three dipterocarpdominated forests in everwet climates. 4. Reproductive phenology of the KC forest was more similar to tropical forests with similar rainfall seasonality in other parts of the world than it was to dipterocarpdominated forests in everwet regions of Southeast Asia. The forest exhibited annual reproduction, with peak flowering occurring at the end of the dry season and peak fruiting occurring early in the wet season. Approximately half of all species and individuals reproduced annually, including several species that are known to exhibit "general flowering" in everwet climates. Short dry spells appeared to cue flowering for early flowering species, while later flowering species may have responded to either low precipitation or temperature, consistent with data from everwet forests. GF behaviour also showed significant phylogenetic signal. Synthesis.Our results support the hypothesis that the phenological behaviour of both seasonal and everwet dipterocarp forests may have initially evolved in response to seasonal drought and that the general flowering phenomenon is a product of evolutionary conservatism. | 127Journal of Ecology KURTEN ET al.

show abstract

Satellite-based characterization of climatic conditions before large-scale general flowering events in Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Species‐specific flowering cues among general flowering Shorea species at the Pasoh Research Forest, Malaysia

Species‐specific flowering cues among general flowering Shorea species at the Pasoh Research Forest, Malaysia

Spatial-Temporal Variation of Drought in China from 1982 to 2010 Based on a modified Temperature Vegetation Drought Index (mTVDI)

Phenology of a dipterocarp forest with seasonal drought: Insights into the origin of general flowering

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About