Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men

Kadi, Fawzi; Charifi, Nadia; Denis, Christian; Lexell, Jan

doi:10.1002/mus.10510

Cited by 236 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Muscle-specific stem (i.e., satellite) cells were identified by cell surface expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) using established techniques (16,17,25). Briefly, NCAMϩ satellite cells were identified immunohistochemically on 6-m sections in series with those used for myofiber typing and sizing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent myofiber hypertrophy during resistance training in humans is associated with satellite cell-mediated myonuclear addition: a cluster analysis

Petrella¹,

Kim²,

Mayhew³

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

372

380

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Petrella JK, Kim J, Mayhew DL, Cross JM, Bamman MM. Potent myofiber hypertrophy during resistance training in humans is associated with satellite cell-mediated myonuclear addition: a cluster analysis. J Appl Physiol 104: 1736-1742, 2008. First published April 24, 2008 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01215.2007.-A present debate in muscle biology is whether myonuclear addition is required during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. We utilized K-means cluster analysis to classify 66 humans after 16 wk of knee extensor resistance training as extreme (Xtr, n ϭ 17), modest (Mod, n ϭ 32), or nonresponders (Non, n ϭ 17) based on myofiber hypertrophy, which averaged 58, 28, and 0%, respectively (Bamman MM, Petrella JK, Kim JS, Mayhew DL, Cross JM. J Appl Physiol 102: [2232][2233][2234][2235][2236][2237][2238][2239] 2007). We hypothesized that robust hypertrophy seen in Xtr was driven by superior satellite cell (SC) activation and myonuclear addition. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained at baseline and week 16. SCs were identified immunohistochemically by surface expression of neural cell adhesion molecule. At baseline, myofiber size did not differ among clusters; however, the SC population was greater in Xtr (P Ͻ 0.01) than both Mod and Non, suggesting superior basal myogenic potential. SC number increased robustly during training in Xtr only (117%; P Ͻ 0.001). Myonuclear addition occurred in Mod (9%; P Ͻ 0.05) and was most effectively accomplished in Xtr (26%; P Ͻ 0.001). After training, Xtr had more myonuclei per fiber than Non (23%; P Ͻ 0.05) and tended to have more than Mod (19%; P ϭ 0.056). Both Xtr and Mod expanded the myonuclear domain to meet (Mod) or exceed (Xtr) 2,000 m 2 per nucleus, possibly driving demand for myonuclear addition to support myofiber expansion. These findings strongly suggest myonuclear addition via SC recruitment may be required to achieve substantial myofiber hypertrophy in humans. Individuals with a greater basal presence of SCs demonstrated, with training, a remarkable ability to expand the SC pool, incorporate new nuclei, and achieve robust growth. strength training; skeletal muscle; neural cell adhesion molecule; myonucleus; myogenesis EACH MYONUCLEUS WITHIN THE multinucleated skeletal myofiber regulates gene transcription and subsequent protein synthesis over a finite volume of cytoplasm (6,7,23). This volume per nucleus, or myonuclear domain, is not a fixed quantity as evidenced during atrophy due to disuse (3, 24) or aging (25) as loss of cell volume exceeds nuclear shedding. Similarly, our laboratory and others have shown that some initial myofiber hypertrophy can expand the cytoplasmic volume associated with each myonucleus (17,25). This has led some to debate whether the addition of nuclei is required for skeletal myofiber hypertrophy (23). However, a ceiling size on the domain has been suggested (17, 23, 25) based on the concept that sufficient expansion of the myonuclear domain likely puts each nucleus under greater strain to supply the necessary gene products, driving a demand for the a...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent myofiber hypertrophy during resistance training in humans is associated with satellite cell-mediated myonuclear addition: a cluster analysis

Petrella¹,

Kim²,

Mayhew³

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

372

380

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“…In human studies the number of myonuclei per fiber CSA is a widely used parameter (Kadi et al, 2004;Verdijk et al, 2007). To facilitate comparison with rodent data, myonuclear domain size was also calculated in terms of volume.…”

Section: Steep Increase In Myonuclear Domain Size Duringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steep Increase in Myonuclear Domain Size During Infancy

Delhaas

Meer

Schaart

et al. 2012

The Anatomical Record

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We investigated whether myonuclear number increases in proportion to the increase in fiber size during maturational growth of skeletal muscle. Thoraco-abdominal muscle tissue was obtained from twenty 6-day to 15-year-old boys and girls during cardiothoracic surgery. Cross-sections were stained by anti-laminin for the basal lamina and by DAPI to identify nuclei. Basal lamina was traced on digital images to measure the fiber cross-sectional area (FCSA). Nuclei located within the basal lamina were considered myonuclei if pax7-negative and satellite cell nuclei if pax7-positive. Samples of two children were excluded from analysis because of clear signs of hypoxia as shown by positive carbonic anhydrase IX staining. Linear regression showed that FCSA increased with age by 187 lm 2 Áper annum (R 2 ¼ 0.90; P < 0.001). Satellite cell density showed a dramatic decrease in the first months of life, but this was not accompanied by an increase in myonuclei per muscle fiber cross-section. Till four years of age the number of myonuclei per muscle fiber cross-section remained relatively constant but increased thereafter. Myonuclear domain size showed a steep increase during infancy and reached adult values in the young adolescent phase.

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“…Concerning the latter, satellite cells are the main contributor to muscle maintenance, growth and repair (Anderson and Wozniak 2004). Thus, a decline in the number of satellite cells (Kadi et al 2004;Renault et al 2002;Verdijk et al 2007) or their inability to become active and proliferate in response to anabolic stimuli (Conboy et al 2003;Conboy and Rando 2002) may contribute to the development of sarcopenia.…”

Section: Sarcopenia In the Elderly: A Common Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes and the ageing muscle: a review on genetic association studies

Garatachea

Lucía

2011

AGE

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Western populations are living longer. Ageing decline in muscle mass and strength (i.e. sarcopenia) is becoming a growing public health problem, as it contributes to the decreased capacity for independent living. It is thus important to determine those genetic factors that interact with ageing and thus modulate functional capacity and skeletal muscle phenotypes in older people. It would be also clinically relevant to identify 'unfavourable' genotypes associated with accelerated sarcopenia. In this review, we summarized published information on the potential associations between some genetic polymorphisms and muscle phenotypes in older people. A special emphasis was placed on those candidate polymorphisms that have been more extensively studied, i.e. angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D, α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X, and myostatin (MSTN) K153R, among others. Although previous heritability studies have indicated that there is an important genetic contribution to individual variability in muscle phenotypes among old people, published data on specific gene variants are controversial. The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism could influence muscle function in old women, yet there is controversy with regards to which allele (R or X) might play a 'favourable' role. Though more research is needed, up-to-date MSTN genotype is possibly the strongest candidate to explain variance among muscle phenotypes in the elderly. Future studies should take into account the association between muscle phenotypes in this population and complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.

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Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men

Cited by 236 publications

References 40 publications

Potent myofiber hypertrophy during resistance training in humans is associated with satellite cell-mediated myonuclear addition: a cluster analysis

Potent myofiber hypertrophy during resistance training in humans is associated with satellite cell-mediated myonuclear addition: a cluster analysis

Steep Increase in Myonuclear Domain Size During Infancy

Genes and the ageing muscle: a review on genetic association studies

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