Satellite DNA in Constitutive Heterochromatin of the Guinea Pig

Yunis, Jörge J.; Yasmineh, Walid G.

doi:10.1126/science.168.3928.263

Cited by 124 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…When mouse satellite DNA is centrifuged in alkaline CsCl gradients, the complementary strands band at different densities and are thus separable (3). This has been confirmed with human (21), calf (10,22), and guinea pig (8,21) satellites, and is probably also true for insect (6) and some, but not all, crustacean satellites (23).…”

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confidence: 56%

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Novel Properties of Satellite DNA from Muskmelon

Bendich¹,

Anderson²

1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The purified dense satellite of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) represents 30% of the total DNA and forms a sharp, unimodal peak in both neutral and alkaline CsCl gradients. Spectrophotometric melting and DNA reassociation analyses revealed that one-third of the satellite is high melting and has a complexity of about 2.5 X 105 daltons, while the remaining two-thirds of the satellite melts 80 lower and has a complexity of about 5 X 108 daltons. The thermal stability of reassociated satellite DNA indicates that the multiple copies of the two melting fractions are essentially identical. The sharp, unimodal peak in Cs2SO4 becomes two distinct peaks when either silver or mercuric ions are included in the Cs2 S04 gradient One or more extremely rapidly reassociating components of nuclear DNA are present in many animals, often detectable as "satellite" bands in CsCl gradients (1). The kinetics of strand reassociation and the stability of these reformed duplexes are interpreted to mean that the multiple DNA segments are highly reiterated and are closely similar copies (2-4). Although its function is not known, some satellite DNA in mice (5) and insects (6, 7) hybridizes primarily with the centromeric regions of chromosomes in cytological preparations. It is enriched in heterochromatin of guinea pig (8), mouse, crab (9) and calf (10), and in mouse nucleoli (11). The mouse satellite does not appear to be transcribed (12). These unusual properties have led to the suggestion that satellite DNA may have a structural function in chromosome folding, pairing, and movement (12,13).From its reassociation kinetics, mouse satellite was estimated to contain about a million very similar copies comprising some 10% of the total mouse DNA (2, 14). The repeating unit in guinea pig a-satellite DNA has been estimated from oligonucleotide digestion products to be six nucleotides long (somewhat longer in the mouse) with about 12% nucleotide changes in the repeating units (15). Sequencing techniques have also provided length estimates of ten in a kangaroo rat satellite (16) and seven for each of three satellites in Drosophila virilis (17). The original complexity estimate (2) for mouse satellite of 300-400 nucleotide pairs (np) was considered too large after estimates were made of the marked influence of mispairing on reassociation rate (18,19

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confidence: 56%

“…Although its function is not known, some satellite DNA in mice (5) and insects (6,7) hybridizes primarily with the centromeric regions of chromosomes in cytological preparations. It is enriched in heterochromatin of guinea pig (8), mouse, crab (9) and calf (10), and in mouse nucleoli (11). The mouse satellite does not appear to be transcribed (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Properties of Satellite DNA from Muskmelon

Bendich¹,

Anderson²

1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The compact state ofheterochromatin has beenexploited as the basis for its biochemical isolation. By sonication of nuclei and differential centrifugation according to [6] a rapidly sedimenting fraction could be obtained from mouse, calf, and guinea pig liver nuclei which contained mostly satellite DNA [7][8][9].…”

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confidence: 99%

The compaction of mouse heterochromatin as studied by nuclease digestion

Horvath

Hörz

1981

FEBS Letters

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“…Taken in concert with the in situ evidence of previously mentioned workers, as well as our own, and evidence provided by alternative approaches (17)(18)(19)(20)(21), the pattern of association of repeated DNA sequences and constitutive heterochromatin is becoming increasingly well established. With the coordination of preparative ultracentrifugation, and of in vitro and in situ hybridization, we should soon understand not only the extent but also the significance of the association of repeated DNA with constitutive heterochromatin.…”

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confidence: 89%

Repeated DNA Sequences in the Heterochromatic Y Chromosome of Adult Drosophila melanogaster

Perreault

Kaufmann

Gay

1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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DNA isolated from Drosophila melanogaster adults (XX, XY, XXY, XYY) was used in DNA-DNA hybridization experiments on nitrocellulose filters. Filter-bound DNA of "high-heterochromatin" flies (those with one or more Y chromosomes) is more effective in forming hybrid duplexes than is XX DNA. The quantitative difference in hybridization efficiency is due primarily to molecules with a relatively high thermal stability (duplexes that dissociate in the temperature range 8090°). Hybridization experiments with DNA samples that have been fractionated into reiterated and unique portions show that the majority of the hybrid duplexes formed involve reiterated DNA. A small, but highly specific, interaction of unique DNA sequences has also been detected in our experiments. These data indicate that a class of repeated DNA sequences is associated with the constitutive heterochromatin, specifically with the Y chromosome of D. melanogaster. Evidence is presented that this same class of molecules, or very similar ones, is to be found in other portions of the genome, presumably in X-chromosomal or centromeric heterochromatin.Recent reports (1-4) have demonstrated a marked capacity of the centromeric regions of Drosophila chromosomes to form hybrid molecules with complementary RNA (c-RNA) transcribed from the rapidly reassociating, repetitious portion of the genome. All of these reports have used the technique of in situ hybridization, developed within the past few years by workers in several different laboratories. We wish to report the results of a series of in vitro hybridization experiments that indicate that Drosophila melanogaster DNA isolated from "high-heterochromatin flies" (i.e., those with one or more Y chromosomes) contains more of a class of repeated DNA sequences than does DNA isolated from "low-heterochromatin" XX females. We have found that the repeated DNA sequences that form hybrid duplexes in our experiments can be derived from either XY or XX flies, and are, therefore, not exclusively Y chromosomal in origin. Finally, these experiments also show that it is possible to use DNA-DNA hybridization techniques on nitrocellulose filters to distinguish between DNA sequences isolated from the unique portion of the genome of D. melanogaster females (XX) and males (XY).D. melanogaster is uniquely suited for studies of the properties of heterochromatin and euchromatin. In this organism, as in no other, we have a wealth of knowledge about the cy-

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Satellite DNA in Constitutive Heterochromatin of the Guinea Pig

Cited by 124 publications

References 14 publications

Novel Properties of Satellite DNA from Muskmelon

Novel Properties of Satellite DNA from Muskmelon

The compaction of mouse heterochromatin as studied by nuclease digestion

Repeated DNA Sequences in the Heterochromatic Y Chromosome of Adult Drosophila melanogaster

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