Satellite monitoring of coccolithophore blooms in the Black Sea from ocean color data

Kopelevich, O. V.; Burenkov, V. I.; Sheberstov, S. V.; Vazyulya, Svetlana; Кравчишина, М. Д.; Паутова, Л. А.; Силкин, В. А.; Artemiev, V. A.; Grigoriev, A. V.

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2013.09.009

Cited by 52 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Such an increase in backscattering signal may also be related to coccolithophorid blooms (Balch et al, ). These small calcifying microalgae highly backscatter light due to their calcium carbonate shell and their presence could explain the episodically higher b bp than predicted by the global regression model particularly in the Black Sea where coccolithophorid blooms are frequently reported (Cokacar et al, ; Kopelevich et al, ) or in the Iceland Basin (Balch et al, ; Holligan et al, ; Figure b or 5b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessing the Variability in the Relationship Between the Particulate Backscattering Coefficient and the Chlorophyll a Concentration From a Global Biogeochemical‐Argo Database

et al. 2018

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Characterizing phytoplankton distribution and dynamics in the world's open oceans requires in situ observations over a broad range of space and time scales. In addition to temperature/salinity measurements, Biogeochemical‐Argo (BGC‐Argo) profiling floats are capable of autonomously observing at high‐frequency bio‐optical properties such as the chlorophyll fluorescence, a proxy of the chlorophyll a concentration (Chla), the particulate backscattering coefficient (bbp), a proxy of the stock of particulate organic carbon, and the light available for photosynthesis. We analyzed an unprecedented BGC‐Argo database of more than 8,500 multivariable profiles collected in various oceanic conditions, from subpolar waters to subtropical gyres. Our objective is to refine previously established Chla versus bbp relationships and gain insights into the sources of vertical, seasonal, and regional variability in this relationship. Despite some regional, seasonal and vertical variations, a general covariation occurs at a global scale. We distinguish two main contrasted situations: (1) concomitant changes in Chla and bbp that correspond to actual variations in phytoplankton biomass, e.g., in subpolar regimes; (2) a decoupling between the two variables attributed to photoacclimation or changes in the relative abundance of nonalgal particles, e.g., in subtropical regimes. The variability in the bbp:Chla ratio in the surface layer appears to be essentially influenced by the type of particles and by photoacclimation processes. The large BGC‐Argo database helps identifying the spatial and temporal scales at which this ratio is predominantly driven by one or the other of these two factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessing the Variability in the Relationship Between the Particulate Backscattering Coefficient and the Chlorophyll a Concentration From a Global Biogeochemical‐Argo Database

et al. 2018

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“…Kopelevich et al . [] calculated that E. huxleyi often reaches abundances of 3000 cells mL −1 or even more during the typical coccolithophore summer bloom in the Black Sea. An estimated 3 mmol PIC m −3 contributed by 1500 cells mL −1 (assuming 2 pmol PIC cell −1 [ Balch et al ., ]) also compares reasonably well with data from the satellite studies by Moore et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abundances of up to 1000 [Poulton et al, 2013], 1500 [Balch et al, 1991], and even 20,000 coccospheres mL À1 were counted during bloom seasons on the Patagonian Shelf, the Gulf of Maine, and south of Iceland (63°N, 20°W), respectively. Kopelevich et al [2014] calculated that E. huxleyi often reaches abundances of 3000 cells mL À1 or even more during the typical coccolithophore summer bloom in the Black Sea. An estimated 3 mmol PIC m À3 contributed by 1500 cells mL À1 (assuming 2 pmol PIC cell À1 [Balch et al, 1993]) also compares reasonably well with data from the satellite studies by Moore et al [2012] and Hopkins et al [2015], who found coccolithophore PIC of 1-10 mmol m À3 to be common on shelves and many regions of the open ocean during bloom season.…”

Section: Sinking Velocity Control Through Aggregate Porosity? the Potmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of plankton community structure on the sinking velocity of marine aggregates

Bach

Boxhammer

Larsen

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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About 50 Gt of carbon is fixed photosynthetically by surface ocean phytoplankton communities every year. Part of this organic matter is reprocessed within the plankton community to form aggregates which eventually sink and export carbon into the deep ocean. The fraction of organic matter leaving the surface ocean is partly dependent on aggregate sinking velocity which accelerates with increasing aggregate size and density, where the latter is controlled by ballast load and aggregate porosity. In May 2011, we moored nine 25 m deep mesocosms in a Norwegian fjord to assess on a daily basis how plankton community structure affects material properties and sinking velocities of aggregates (Ø 80-400 μm) collected in the mesocosms' sediment traps. We noted that sinking velocity was not necessarily accelerated by opal ballast during diatom blooms, which could be due to relatively high porosity of these rather fresh aggregates. Furthermore, estimated aggregate porosity (P estimated ) decreased as the picoautotroph (0.2-2 μm) fraction of the phytoplankton biomass increased. Thus, picoautotroph-dominated communities may be indicative for food webs promoting a high degree of aggregate repackaging with potential for accelerated sinking. Blooms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi revealed that cell concentrations of~1500 cells/mL accelerate sinking by about 35-40%, which we estimate (by one-dimensional modeling) to elevate organic matter transfer efficiency through the mesopelagic from 14 to 24%. Our results indicate that sinking velocities are influenced by the complex interplay between the availability of ballast minerals and aggregate packaging; both of which are controlled by plankton community structure.

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“…8). And indeed, the Black Sea frequently harbors extensive E. huxleyi blooms (Kopelevich et al, 2014), especially since diatom proliferation is limited by reduced silicate input as a consequence of the Danube River dam construction in the early 1970's (Humborg et al, 1997).…”

Section: Implications: Past Present and Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

A unifying concept of coccolithophore sensitivity to changing carbonate chemistry embedded in an ecological framework

Bach

Riebesell

Gutowska

et al. 2015

Progress in Oceanography

124

133

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a b s t r a c tCoccolithophores are a group of unicellular phytoplankton species whose ability to calcify has a profound influence on biogeochemical element cycling. Calcification rates are controlled by a large variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Among these factors, carbonate chemistry has gained considerable attention during the last years as coccolithophores have been identified to be particularly sensitive to ocean acidification. Despite intense research in this area, a general concept harmonizing the numerous and sometimes (seemingly) contradictory responses of coccolithophores to changing carbonate chemistry is still lacking to date. Here, we present the ''substrate-inhibitor concept'' which describes the dependence of calcification rates on carbonate chemistry speciation. It is based on observations that calcification rate scales positively with bicarbonate (HCO 3 À ), the primary substrate for calcification, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which can limit cell growth, whereas it is inhibited by protons (H + ). This concept was implemented in a model equation, tested against experimental data, and then applied to understand and reconcile the diverging responses of coccolithophorid calcification rates to ocean acidification obtained in culture experiments. Furthermore, we (i) discuss how other important calcification-influencing factors (e.g. temperature and light) could be implemented in our concept and (ii) embed it in Hutchinson's niche theory, thereby providing a framework for how carbonate chemistry-induced changes in calcification rates could be linked with changing coccolithophore abundance in the oceans. Our results suggest that the projected increase of H + in the near future (next couple of thousand years), paralleled by only a minor increase of inorganic carbon substrate, could impede calcification rates if coccolithophores are unable to fully adapt. However, if calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) sediment dissolution and terrestrial weathering begin to increase the oceans' HCO 3 À and decrease its H + concentrations in the far future (10-100 kyears), coccolithophores could find themselves in carbonate chemistry conditions which may be more favorable for calcification than they were before the Anthropocene.

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Satellite monitoring of coccolithophore blooms in the Black Sea from ocean color data

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Assessing the Variability in the Relationship Between the Particulate Backscattering Coefficient and the Chlorophyll a Concentration From a Global Biogeochemical‐Argo Database

Assessing the Variability in the Relationship Between the Particulate Backscattering Coefficient and the Chlorophyll a Concentration From a Global Biogeochemical‐Argo Database

Influence of plankton community structure on the sinking velocity of marine aggregates

A unifying concept of coccolithophore sensitivity to changing carbonate chemistry embedded in an ecological framework

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