Satellite UV-Vis spectroscopy: implications for air quality trends and their driving forces in China during 2005–2017

Zhang, Chengxin; Liu, Cheng; Hu, Qihou; Cai, Zucong; Su, Wenjing; Xia, Congzi; Zhu, Yongnan; Wang, Siwen; Liu, Jianguo

doi:10.1038/s41377-019-0210-6

Cited by 118 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For fire-affected measurements, the slope HCN / CO, defined as the enhancement ratio (EnhR HCN ), is an effective quantity to identify biomass burning emissions (Holzinger et al, 1999;Lutsch et al, 2016;Rinsland et al, 2002;Viatte et al, 2015;Vigouroux et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2000). Depending on the burned biomaterials, fire type, the phase of the fire, and the travel time of the plumes, the reported EnhR HCN varied by 2 orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Correlation With Co and Enhancement Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier transform infrared time series of tropospheric HCN in eastern China: seasonality, interannual variability, and source attribution

et al. 2020

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Abstract. We analyzed seasonality and interannual variability of tropospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN) columns in densely populated eastern China for the first time. The results were derived from solar absorption spectra recorded with a ground-based high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer in Hefei (31∘54′ N, 117∘10′ E) between 2015 and 2018. The tropospheric HCN columns over Hefei, China, showed significant seasonal variations with three monthly mean peaks throughout the year. The magnitude of the tropospheric HCN column peaked in May, September, and December. The tropospheric HCN column reached a maximum monthly mean of (9.8±0.78)×1015 molecules cm−2 in May and a minimum monthly mean of (7.16±0.75)×1015 molecules cm−2 in November. In most cases, the tropospheric HCN columns in Hefei (32∘ N) are higher than the FTIR observations in Ny-Ålesund (79∘ N), Kiruna (68∘ N), Bremen (53∘ N), Jungfraujoch (47∘ N), Toronto (44∘ N), Rikubetsu (43∘ N), Izana (28∘ N), Mauna Loa (20∘ N), La Reunion Maido (21∘ S), Lauder (45∘ S), and Arrival Heights (78∘ S) that are affiliated with the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Enhancements of tropospheric HCN column were observed between September 2015 and July 2016 compared to the same period of measurements in other years. The magnitude of the enhancement ranges from 5 % to 46 % with an average of 22 %. Enhancement of tropospheric HCN (ΔHCN) is correlated with the concurrent enhancement of tropospheric CO (ΔCO), indicating that enhancements of tropospheric CO and HCN were due to the same sources. The GEOS-Chem tagged CO simulation, the global fire maps, and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) values calculated using back trajectories revealed that the seasonal maxima in May are largely due to the influence of biomass burning in Southeast Asia (SEAS) (41±13.1 %), Europe and boreal Asia (EUBA) (21±9.3 %), and Africa (AF) (22±4.7 %). The seasonal maxima in September are largely due to the influence of biomass burnings in EUBA (38±11.3 %), AF (26±6.7 %), SEAS (14±3.3 %), and North America (NA) (13.8±8.4 %). For the seasonal maxima in December, dominant contributions are from AF (36±7.1 %), EUBA (21±5.2 %), and NA (18.7±5.2 %). The tropospheric HCN enhancement between September 2015 and July 2016 at Hefei (32∘ N) was attributed to an elevated influence of biomass burnings in SEAS, EUBA, and Oceania (OCE) in this period. In particular, an elevated number of fires in OCE in the second half of 2015 dominated the tropospheric HCN enhancement between September and December 2015. An elevated number of fires in SEAS in the first half of 2016 dominated the tropospheric HCN enhancement between January and July 2016.

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Section: Correlation With Co and Enhancement Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier transform infrared time series of tropospheric HCN in eastern China: seasonality, interannual variability, and source attribution

et al. 2020

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“…They found that the stagnant weather condition with southerly and westerly winds would worsen the air quality in the North China Plain, and the occurrence of stagnant conditions was relevant to the inter-annual and inter-decadal variability of monsoon. The regional transport of pollutants induced by the large-scale synoptic condition is critical to the air quality (Zhang et al, 2019). Although previous studies have recognized the importance of synoptic pattern and PBL meteorology for the aerosol pollution in BTH, most of them focused on the short-term episodes or a specific city (e.g., Miao et al, 2019b;Quan et al, 2013;Tie et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2019;Zhong et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated impacts of synoptic forcing and aerosol radiative effect on boundary layer and pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to deterioration of air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region due to high loadings of PM2.5. Heavy aerosol pollution frequently occurs in winter, in close relation to the planetary boundary layer (PBL) meteorology. To unravel the physical processes that influence PBL structure and aerosol pollution in BTH, this study combined long-term observational data analyses, synoptic pattern classification, and meteorology–chemistry coupled simulations. During the winter of 2017 and 2018, Beijing and Tangshan often experienced heavy PM2.5 pollution simultaneously, accompanied by strong thermal inversion aloft. These concurrences of pollution in different cities were primarily regulated by the large-scale synoptic conditions. Using principal component analysis with geopotential height fields at the 850 hPa level during winter, two typical synoptic patterns associated with heavy pollution in BTH were identified. One pattern is characterized by a southeast-to-north pressure gradient across BTH, and the other is associated with high pressure in eastern China. Both synoptic types feature warmer air temperature at 1000 m a.g.l., which could suppress the development of the PBL. Under these unfavorable synoptic conditions, aerosols can modulate PBL structure through the radiative effect, which was examined using numerical simulations. The aerosol radiative effect can significantly lower the daytime boundary layer height through cooling the surface layer and heating the upper part of the PBL, leading to the deterioration of air quality. This PBL–aerosol feedback is sensitive to the aerosol vertical structure, which is more effective when the synoptic pattern can distribute more aerosols to the upper PBL.

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“…It is worth mentioning that these type of strong spatial heterogeneity scenarios have been observed in different areas of the planet and specific studies of atmospheric constituents have been or are currently being performed in other urbanized and densely populated areas such as North America (Boeke et al, 2011;Chance et al, 2000;Millet et al, 2008), China (Cheng et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2019), particularly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (Zhu et al, 2018) and the Yangtze River Delta area (Chan et al, 2019;Hong et al, 2018;Tian et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2016); South Asia (Rana et al, 2019) and more specifically India (Chutia et al, 2019;Surl et al, 2018) and Pakistan (Khan et al, 2018;Khokhar et al, 2015). In addition specific case studies have been conducted globally (Wittrock et al, 2006) or in the Southern Hemisphere (Ahn et al, 2019), the Atlantic Ocean (Behrens et al, 2019) and the East China Sea (Tan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde total column densities over Mexico City: comparison between MAX-DOAS and solar absorption FTIR measurements

Cárdenas¹,

Guarín²,

Stremme³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) total column densities over the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) were retrieved using two independent measurement techniques: Multi Axis – Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. For the MAX-DOAS measurements, the software QDOAS was used to calculate differential Slant Column Densities (dSCDs) from the measured spectra and subsequently the Mexican MAX-DOAS Fit retrieval code (MMF) to convert from dSCDs to Vertical Column Densities (VCDs). The direct-solar absorption spectra measured with FTIR were analyzed using the PROFFIT retrieval code. Typically the MAX-DOAS instrument reports higher VCDs than those measured with FTIR, in part due to differences found in the ground-level sensitivities as revealed from the retrieval diagnostics from both instruments. Three MAX-DOAS datasets using measurements conducted towards the east, west or both sides of the measurement plane were evaluated with respect to the FTIR results. The retrieved MAX-DOAS HCHO VCDs where 5 %, 9 % and 28 % larger than the FTIR which, supported with satellite data, could demonstrate a large horizontal inhomogeneity in the HCHO abundances. A time-dependent comparison revealed that the vertical distribution of this pollutant, guided by the evolution of the mixing layer height, can play an important role in how the results are affected. Apart from the reported seasonal and diurnal variability of HCHO columns within the urban site, background data from measurements at a high-altitude station, located only 60 km away are presented.

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Satellite UV-Vis spectroscopy: implications for air quality trends and their driving forces in China during 2005–2017

Cited by 118 publications

References 47 publications

Fourier transform infrared time series of tropospheric HCN in eastern China: seasonality, interannual variability, and source attribution

Fourier transform infrared time series of tropospheric HCN in eastern China: seasonality, interannual variability, and source attribution

Integrated impacts of synoptic forcing and aerosol radiative effect on boundary layer and pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China

Formaldehyde total column densities over Mexico City: comparison between MAX-DOAS and solar absorption FTIR measurements

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