Satiety and behavioral caloric compensation following intragastric glucose loads in the rat.

Abstract

Glucose solutions were administered intragastrically to rats having free access to food except during the first hour after intubation. The distribution of meals after intubation indicated that effects of glucose both prolong satiety and contribute to its initiation, during the dark or the bright phase of the lighting cycle. From about 5 hr. after intubation and from the start of the second meal, the net cumulative inhibition of food intake amounted to apparently close to exact caloric compensation for the glucose load. Feeding was not differentially inhibited by control loads of the same volume as the glucose load, whether the control was air, water, sodium chloride, urea, or 3-methylglucose. The results provide the first demonstration in support of a theory of short-term behavioral regulation according to an energostatic signal generated from glucose.

A role for sweet taste: Calorie predictive relations in energy regulation by rats.

“…Caloric compensation involves the ability to adjust for excess calories consumed on one occasion by reducing intake at other times (Booth, 1972;Foltin, Fischman, Moran, Rolls, & Kelly, 1990;Mattes, 1996;Mazlan, Horgan, & Stubbs, 2006;Rowland, Nasrallah, & Robertson, 2005). Weakened caloric compensation could therefore result in positive energy balance and increased tendencies toward being overweight and toward obesity.…”

Metabolic aspects of satiety

“…Preventing the fall in blood glucose concentration which normally occurs just before a meal, in rats, maintained satiety so that animals which would have otherwise started to eat 12 min later actually waited 318 min before starting to eat (Campfield et al 1985). Glucose introduced into the stomach has a much greater effect on the size of a subsequent meal than the same amount of the unabsorbable analogue of glucose, 3-0-methylglucose (Booth, 1972a), showing that the metabolic effect of glucose is more important than the osmotic effect; fructose, which is used by the liver, was as effective as glucose in suppressing feeding (Booth, 19726); galactose was ineffective as it is utilized very inefficiently by the liver. These results demonstrate a post-absorptive effect of glucose on feeding in which the liver and the central nervous system (CNS) have been particularly implicated as sensors.…”

Food after deprivation rewards the earlier eating

“…Such an imposed episode of overeating is of course liable to produce lower intake later, in compensation (Booth, 1972). High scores on questions using the concept of dietary restraint do not correspond to reduced daily intake (Stice, Fisher & Lowe, 2004;Stice et al, 2010).…”