Satiety and the Self-Regulation of Food Take in Children: a Potential Role for Gene-Environment Interplay

Hughes, Sheryl O.; Frazier‐Wood, Alexis C.

doi:10.1007/s13679-016-0194-y

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…A poor eating self-regulation in children has been associated with higher body weight ( Hughes and Frazier-Wood, 2016 ). Picky eating is common in preschool children, which leads to parental anxiety and family conflicts ( Kumar et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Obesogenic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases

2020

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Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role in the development of this disease. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases) and with neurodevelopmental diseases (autism disorder, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome). Some of the environmental conditions that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, and diet. Interestingly, some of these environmental conditions are shared with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Obesity impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory and fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal obesity affects the cognitive function and mental health of the offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, among others, leading to impaired brain development or cell death. Obesogenic environmental conditions are not the only factors that influence neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. In fact, several genes implicated in the leptin–melanocortin pathway ( LEP , LEPR , POMC , BDNF , MC4R , PCSK1 , SIM1 , BDNF , TrkB , etc.) are associated with obesity and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity ( FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2 , among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases ( APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNF α, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3 , among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. In conclusion, the obesogenic environmental conditions, the genes, and the interaction gene–environment would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of these diseases.

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Section: Obesogenic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases

2020

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“…Related to the broader concept of self-regulation is eating-related self-regulation, or the ability to begin and end an eating event in response to internal cues of hunger and fullness 63 . While the extent to which these two constructs are related has been debated, it has been suggested that eating self-regulation is a domain-specific manifestation of broader self-regulatory capacity 64 . Based on this apparent relationship, we might expect to see better eating self-regulation in female relative to male children.…”

Section: Evidence Of Sex-effects On Eating Self-regulation In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Biopsychosocial Model of Sex Differences in Children’s Eating Behaviors

Keller¹,

Kling²,

Fuchs³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The prevalence of obesity and eating disorders varies by sex, but the extent to which sex influences eating behaviors, especially in childhood, has received less attention. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on sex differences in eating behavior in children and present new findings supporting the role of sex in child appetitive traits and neural responses to food cues. In children, the literature shows sex differences in basic taste response, food acceptance, eating self-regulation, and appetitive traits. New analyses demonstrate that sex interacts with child weight status to differentially influence appetitive traits and neural responses to food cues. Further, neuroimaging results suggest that obesity in female children is positively related to brain reactivity to higher-energy-dense food cues in regions involved with learning, memory, and object recognition, while the opposite was found in males. In addition to differences in how the brain processes information about food, other factors that may contribute to sex differences include parental feeding practices, societal emphasis on dieting, and peer influences. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings, as they may have implications for the development of effective intervention programs to improve dietary behaviors and prevent obesity.

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“…Perhaps the biggest moderator of children's eating behaviours is the early food environment, which includes the foods children come into contact with and interactions with parents, family and caregivers. These are unique to each child and interact with a genetic predisposition to excess weight gain to impact individual trajectories in the development of eating behaviours and growth outcomes (Hughes & Frazier‐Wood ; Kral et al . ).…”

Section: Learning To Eat and Influences From The Early Food Environmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outside of the area of appetite control, self‐regulation refers to the control of thoughts and behaviours in a way that is adaptive to the changing demands of the external environment, including responding to caregiver actions, expectations and requests (Kopp ). This is underpinned by factors related to language acquisition and executive functioning, which rely on the development of working memory, attention and inhibitory control and have been independently linked to child BMI (see Hughes & Frazier‐Wood ). Importantly, the early expression of these cognitive systems and processes only starts to consolidate after the first few years of life and continue to develop throughout childhood and adolescence (McClelland et al .…”

Section: Learning To Eat and Influences From The Early Food Environmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a better understanding of the timeframe within which self‐regulatory eating behaviours are most vulnerable to disruption, it will be important to consider how the development of eating behaviours map on to broader developmental trajectories of fundamental cognitive functions, such as working memory, attention and inhibitory control, which impact how children engage with themselves and the world around them. The huge individual differences in eating behaviours that occur across children at similar developmental stages are likely to represent interactions between developmental trajectories related to broader self‐regulation abilities, genetic predispositions to certain appetitive behaviours and the unique experiences with caregivers, peers and the food environment (Hughes & Frazier‐Wood ). The transition to school marks a significant turning point in children's social and cognitive development and emotional and behavioural self‐regulation (McClelland et al .…”

Section: Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultivating self‐regulatory eating behaviours during childhood: The evidence and opportunities

McCrickerd

2018

Nutrition Bulletin

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Global high levels of obesity and metabolic disease have called for a reformulation of the food environment to reduce portion sizes and food energy density, particularly from added sugars, highlighting the importance of the food environment in energy intake and adiposity. Young children are often assumed to have the ability to self-regulate eating behaviours in a way that protects against overconsumption. Therefore, a complementary approach to changing the food environment is to identify and cultivate 'protective' eating behaviours from an early age. But what is the evidence for children's capacity to self-regulate food intake? And could cultivating self-regulatory eating behaviours complement broader environmental approaches aimed at reducing unhealthy weight gain during childhood? This review considers these questions with a focus on three aspects of eating behaviour that challenge energy intake regulation and healthy growth: large portion sizes, eating speed and energy compensation abilities. As children get older and gain more experience in the food environment, individual self-regulatory skills can be compromised by factors such as sustained exposure to large portion sizes and feeding practices that fail to take into account children's appetite cues. More research is required to understand the developmental trajectories of children's eating behaviours, but parents and caregivers have the opportunity to promote self-regulatory eating from a young age. The success of individualised interventions that aim to empower children to recognise and respond to their own appetite signals will be contingent on broader improvements to the wider food environment.

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Satiety and the Self-Regulation of Food Take in Children: a Potential Role for Gene-Environment Interplay

Cited by 44 publications

References 66 publications

Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases

Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases

A Biopsychosocial Model of Sex Differences in Children’s Eating Behaviors

Cultivating self‐regulatory eating behaviours during childhood: The evidence and opportunities

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Satiety and the Self-Regulation of Food Take in Children: a Potential Role for Gene-Environment Interplay

Cited by 44 publications

References 66 publications

Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases

Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases

A Biopsychosocial Model of Sex Differences in Children&rsquo;s Eating Behaviors

Cultivating self‐regulatory eating behaviours during childhood: The evidence and opportunities

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Product

Resources

About

A Biopsychosocial Model of Sex Differences in Children’s Eating Behaviors