Satiety Hormone and Metabolomic Response to an Intermittent High Energy Diet Differs in Rats Consuming Long-Term Diets High in Protein or Prebiotic Fiber

Abstract

Large differences in the composition of diet between early development and adulthood can have detrimental effects on obesity risk. We examined the effects of an intermittent high fat/sucrose diet (HFS) on satiety hormone and serum metabolite response in disparate diets. Wistar rat pups were fed control (C), high prebiotic fiber (HF) or high protein (HP) diets (weaning to 16 weeks), HFS diet challenged (6 weeks), and finally reverted to their respective C, HF, or HP diet (4 weeks). At conclusion, measurement of body composition and satiety hormones was accompanied by 1H NMR metabolic profiles in fasted and postprandial states. Metabolomic profiling predicted dietary source with >90% accuracy. The HF group was characterized by lowest body weight and body fat (P < 0.05) and increased satiety hormone levels (glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide-YY). Regularized modeling confirmed that the HF diet is associated with higher gut hormone secretion that could reflect the known effects of prebiotics on gut microbiota and their fementative end products, the short chain fatty acids. Rats reared on a HF diet appear to experience fewer adverse effects from an intermittent high fat diet in adulthood when rematched to their postnatal diet. Metabolite profiles associated with the diets provide a distinct biochemical signature of their effects.

Cooking enhances beneficial effects of pea seed coat consumption on glucose tolerance, incretin, and pancreatic hormones in high-fat-diet–fed rats

“…Furthermore, improved oGTT could not be accounted for by differences in body weight gain or body fat amongst the groups. In contrast, male Wistar rats, following a high fibre diet (21% w/w) comprising inulin and oligofructose, had a lower percentage of body fat (Reimer et al 2012). In our study, we failed to detect a significant change in body composition, which may be related to the short length of our study (10 weeks) versus that of Reimer et al (2012) (21 weeks).…”

Functional Pet Foods

“…The interest into the adequacy and safety of commercially available pet foods has been growing worldwide [66]. Functional foods such as prebiotics, for example, inulin, gluco-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides have shown to induce beneficial effects on biochemical parameters improving satiety and reducing postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations, thus reducing diabetes-related disorders [67][68][69]. Inulin and oligofructose, but also dietary fibers, can also modify the intestinal microflora in pets and humans by promoting commensal bacteria growth [70][71][72].…”

Prebiotics: Metabolism and Symbiotic Synergy with Probiotics in Promoting Health

“…It has been found that the body fat in rats fed with a diet high in prebiotics was significantly lowered than the ones fed with a diet high in protein and control diet [28]. In similar studies on humans, it has also been shown that the increase in prebiotics intake was associated with weight loss due to a decrease in energy intake [11,29].…”