“…Empirical research indicates that whereas passengers rank airlines using multiple criteria such as safety, price, loyalty, schedule, national carrier status, baggage allowance, and on-time performance (American Customer Satisfaction Index [ACSI], 2012;Bowen & Headley, 2016;Curtis, Rhoades, & Waguespack, 2012), among other factors, the most important principle for competitiveness, and survival among airlines, is delivering high-quality service along with safety and security to passengers. Some researchers purport that the major concerns of the aviation industry are safety, security, and expectations of service excellence from the traveling public (Appelbaum & Fewster, 2004;Hochschild, 1983).…”