Saturated Fatty Acid-Based In Situ Forming Matrices for Localized Antimicrobial Delivery

Abstract

In recent years, the world has faced the issue of antibiotic resistance. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant problem in various treatments and control of infections. Biocompatible materials with saturated fatty acids of different chain lengths (C8–C18) were studied as matrix formers of localized injectable vancomycin HCl (VCM)-loaded antisolvent-induced in situ forming matrices. The series of fatty acid-based in situ forming matrices showed a low viscosity (5.47–13.97 cPs) and pH value in the range of 5.16–6.78, with high injectability through a 27-G needle (1.55–3.12 N). The preparations exhibited low tolerance to high concentrations of KH2PO4 solution (1.88–5.42% v/v) and depicted an electrical potential change during phase transformation. Their phase transition and matrix formation at the microscopic and macroscopic levels depended on the chain length of fatty acids and solvent characteristics. The VCM release pattern depended on the nucleation/crystallization and solvent exchange behaviors of the delivery system. The 35% w/v of C12–C16 fatty acid-based in situ forming matrix prolonged the VCM release over seven days in which C12, C14, C16 –based formulation reached 56, 84, and 85% cumulative drug release at 7th day. The release data fitted well with Higuchi’s model. The developed formulations presented efficient antimicrobial activities against standard S. aureus, MRSA, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Hence, VCM-loaded antisolvent-induced fatty acid-based in situ forming matrix is a potential local delivery system for the treatment of local Gram-positive infection sites, such as joints, eyes, dermis of surgery sites, etc., in the future.

Lime Peel Oil–Incorporated Rosin-Based Antimicrobial In Situ Forming Gel

“…In contrast, a rosin nucleation-like formation was found from the solvent exchange between NMP and water inducing rosin phase separation. The nucleation was generated at the interaction of two phases, inducing the agglomeration of particles [ 12 , 37 ]. These interfacial phenomena could indicate the microscopic self-forming behavior of the rosin/LO complex using various solvents.…”

“…The results showed that the rosin/LO combination dissolved better in DMSO because of the low viscosity of the solution. When a solvent with a high potential to dissolve polymers is used, lower viscosity solutions are obtained [ 12 ]. For example, in situ forming gel based on bleach shellac dissolved in DMSO obtained a low viscosity when compared to that of in NMP and 2-pyrrolidone [ 29 ].…”

“…Different synthetic and natural materials have been investigated for use as the matrix-forming material for an in situ forming gel, such as sucrose acetate isobutyrate-polylactic acid (SAIB), shellac, cholesterol, and fatty acids [ 6 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. These materials are aqueous insoluble and soluble in some biocompatible organic solvents, which can be used to form solvent exchange-induced in situ forming gel.…”

Imatinib Mesylate-Loaded Rosin/Cinnamon Oil-Based In Situ Forming Gel against Colorectal Cancer Cells

“…Figure 4 shows the fluorescence micrographs with green and yellow regions corresponding to the agarose gel and the ISG formulation, respectively. Tracing sodium fluorescence as green color moving from the agarose was observed under a fluorescence microscope within a predetermined time [ 64 ]. The phase-separated networks of the ISG systems were attributed to the solvent exchange between these two phases.…”

[Retracted] Newly Synthesized Micro‐Nano Transition Metal Complexes of Hexadecanoic Acid as Anti‐Microbial Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Investigations

“…Hexadecanoic acid is formed during fatty acid synthesis (lipogenesis). As a result, it is found in adipose tissue [1] and breast milk of humans [2]. Palmitic acid is used in cosmetic industries as well as in the manufacture of soaps.…”