Saturated vapour pressure of potassium sulphate

Halstead, W. D.

doi:10.1039/tf9706601966

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Evidence for the influence of fires A series of biomass-burning tracers and techniques were used to identify the influence of wildfires in this remote site. Potassium is used as an inert non-volatile tracer 11,12 of biomass-burning OA. On average the PM 2.5 potassium concentration in Pertouli was 0.2 μg m -3 , and there were specific days that it reached up to 0.4 μg m -3 (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid transformation of wildfire emissions to harmful background aerosol

Vasilakopoulou,

Matrali,

Skyllakou

et al. 2023

npj Clim Atmos Sci

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Wildfires are a significant source of organic aerosol during summer, with major impacts on air quality and climate. However, studies in Europe suggest a surprisingly low (less than 10%) contribution of biomass burning organic aerosol to average summertime fine particulate matter levels. In this study we combine field measurements and atmospheric chemical transport modeling, to demonstrate that the contribution of wildfires to fine particle levels in Europe during summer is seriously underestimated. Our work suggests that the corresponding contribution has been underestimated by a factor of 4–7 and that wildfires were responsible for approximately half of the total OA in Europe during July 2022. This discrepancy with previous work is due to the rapid physicochemical transformation of these emissions to secondary oxidized organic aerosol with an accompanying loss of its organic chemical fingerprints. These atmospheric reactions lead to a regionally distributed background organic aerosol that is responsible for a significant fraction of the health-related impacts caused by fine particles in Europe and probably in other continents. These adverse health effects can occur hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away from the fires. We estimate that wildfire emissions are responsible for 15–22% of the deaths in Europe due to exposure to fine particulate matter during summer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid transformation of wildfire emissions to harmful background aerosol

Vasilakopoulou,

Matrali,

Skyllakou

et al. 2023

npj Clim Atmos Sci

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“…from the thermal functions of the solids given by Cubicciotti (24), data for the elements (25), and the heats of formation of the solid sulfates (26,27). The heats, entropies, and sublimation pressures of Na2SO4, Rb2SO4, and Cs~SO4 were taken from the work of Cubicciotti (24,23). For Na2SO4(s), with a melting point of 1157~ data for the solid were extrapolated to 1200~ for purposes of comparison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent effusion measurements of Gorokhov (20) yield a second law heat of sublimation of K2SO4 at 298~ (86.9 __ 1.6 kcal/ mole) in good agreement with the value reported here, whil:e those of Plante (21) (80.2 _ 0.9 and 81.1 +__ 2.0 kcal/mole) are somewhat lower. Earlier effusion data on K2SO4(s) (3,22,23) discussed by Eliezer and Howald (1), lead to corresponding second law heats ranging from 60 to 83 kcal/mole. The vapor pressure data for liquid KuSO4, summarized in Ref.…”

Section: Thermodynamics Of K2so4(g)--in Converting Thementioning

confidence: 91%

Effusion Studies of the Vaporization/Decomposition of Potassium Sulfate

Lau

Cubicciotti

Hildenbrand

1979

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The vaporization of K2SO4 was studied by the torsion‐effusion method and by mass spectrometry in the range 1180°–1280°K, from which the total pressure, molecular weight, and composition of the effusing vapor were determined. Both the sublimation process K2SO4false(normalsfalse)=K2SO2false(normalgfalse) and the decomposition process K2SO4false(normalsfalse)=2Kfalse(normalgfalse)+SO2false(normalgfalse)+O2false(normalgfalse) contribute to the vaporization flux, with the sublimation pressure about 63% of the total pressure in the range of our measurements. The directly measured vapor molecular weights are in good agreement with values deduced from the magnitudes of the sublimation and decomposition pressures. A small but reproducible variation of pressure with effusion orifice area was observed, equivalent to an upper bound of 0.03 to the over‐all sublimation coefficient. Second law slope heats derived from the temperature dependence of parent K+ and SO2+ ions were in close agreement with each other and with the heat of decomposition calculated from established thermochemical data. Similar measurements on parent K2SO4+ showed the temperature dependence of sublimation and decomposition pressures to be virtually identical. The heat of sublimation of K2SO4false(normalgfalse) at 298°K was determined as 86.5±1.5 normalkcal/normalmole , leading to the standard heat of formation normalΔHf298°false(K2SO4,normalgfalse)=−257.0±1.5 normalkcal/normalmole . From the slope heat and the absolute pressure, one evaluates the entropy S1200°false(K2SO4,normalgfalse)=135.8±1.2 normalcal/normaldeg mole .

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“…All data for this computation were from JANAF with the exception of data for K2S0^(g). Several studies have indicated that K^SO^( g) is an important vaporization product of K^SO^Cs,^) [42,43] Data for K^SO^( g) was therefore based on JANAF data for K2S0^(s), the heat of sublimation of K^SO^Cs) reported by Halstead [43] and molecular constant data modeled after that reported by Cubicciotti [44] for C^SO^Cg) and Rb^SO^( g) . For K^SO^( g) , a number of vibrational frequencies were adjusted so that the entropy of sublimation calculated from the thermal functions agreed with those reported by Halstead at 1300 K. Additional details on this work can be found in the papers by Levin etal., [4…”

Section: Condensation Of Seed Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%