Saturating syntax: Linkers and modification in Tagalog

Scontras, Gregory; Nicolae, Andreea C.

doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2014.05.005

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This structure is head-final, like Dogon syntax more generally, with specifiers and adjuncts on the left, with the exception of ModP (Rubin 1995(Rubin , 2003Scontras and Nicolae 2014), which introduces a rightward specifier, an aP.…”

Section: (59)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Cophonologies by Ph(r)ase

Sande

Jenks

Inkelas

2020

Nat Lang Linguist Theory

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Phonological alternations are often specific to morphosyntactic context. For example, stress shift in English occurs in the presence of some suffixes, -al, but not others, -ing: "pa.rent, pa."ren.tal, "pa.ren.ting. In some cases a phonological process applies only in words of certain lexical categories. Previous theories have stipulated that such morphosyntactically conditioned phonology is word-bounded. In this paper we present a number of long-distance morphologically conditioned phonological effects, cases where phonological processes within one word are conditioned by another word or the presence of a morpheme in another word. We provide a model, Cophonologies by Phase, which extends Cophonology Theory, intended to capture word-internal and lexically specified phonological alternations, to cyclically generated syntactic constituents. We show that Cophonologies by Phase makes better predictions about the long-distance morphologically conditioned phonological effects we find across languages than previous frameworks. Furthermore, Cophonologies by Phase derives such effects without requiring the phonological component to directly reference syntactic features or structure.

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Section: (59)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Cophonologies by Ph(r)ase

Sande

Jenks

Inkelas

2020

Nat Lang Linguist Theory

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“…A fundamental aspect of my proposal is the analysis of the role and distribution of linkers. Building on Scontas and Nicolae's (2014) proposal that linkers are associated with unsaturated categories, I propose that both the CP and the NP in relative clauses are headed by linkers. As unsaturated categories, they can combine semantically with other unsaturated categories to produce a complex property or predicate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internally and externally headed relative clauses in Tagalog

Aldridge

2017

Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics

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Head nominals in Tagalog relative clauses can surface in three distinct positions: preceding the clause, immediately following the embedded verb, and in argument position within the clause. This paper accounts for these possibilities by positing that the head nominal is base generated within the clause as a property-denoting NP rather than a full DP and identifying the gap position by means of complex predicate formation between this NP and the rest of the clause. If the head NP raises to [Spec, CP], it forms a complex predicate with the embedded TP in that position and is spelled out preceding the clause. If the head NP does not raise to [Spec, CP], it either remains in its base position in the embedded clause and undergoes complex predicate formation with the embedded verb in situ, or it undergoes head movement and forms a complex predicate with the embedded verb via incorporation. I also account for the distribution of linkers in Tagalog relative clauses by proposing that all unsaturated categories within a Tagalog DP are headed by linkers. Consequently, both the relative clause and the head nominal are preceded by a linker, accounting for the fact that a linker always appears between the clause and head NP, regardless of their relative order. Finally, analyzing the head nominal as an NP rather than a DP also accounts for the locality restriction in Tagalog relativization such that genitive DPs are ineligible for movement. This is prevented on my analysis by ensuring that the head NP is not merged in a position which would be assigned inherent case.

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“…The distribution of LINKER is not limited to adjectival modification. In their study of LINKER, Scontras & Nicolae (2014) identify the distribution in Table 1. On the basis of this distribution, Scontras & Nicolae conclude that LINKER surfaces in the context of non-saturating semantic composition, or modification (cf.…”

Section: Adjectivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, when-ever two elements of the same semantic type compose (e.g., an adjective and a noun, both type e, t ), LINKER intervenes. Following Rubin (1994), Scontras & Nicolae (2014) propose that LINKER surfaces in the context of modification because it discharges the semantics of modification; they give LINKER the denotation in (4a), and the structure in (4b). Extending this proposal to multi-adjective strings, we arrive at the structure in (5) for (1).…”

Section: Adjectivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike English, Tagalog adjectives require a linking particle (-ng/na) in order to participate in modification structures (Foley 1975;Rubin 1994;Kaufman 2009). Some authors analyze the semantic contribution of LINKER similarly to that of conjunction (Rubin 1994, Scontras & Nicolae 2014. However, in English, conjunction has been claimed to neutralize adjective ordering preferences (Ford & Olson 1975;Byrne 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adjective ordering in Tagalog: A cross-linguistic comparison of subjectivity-based preferences

Samonte¹,

Scontras

2019

Proc Ling Soc Amer

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Previous studies have shown that speakers have robust adjective ordering preferences. For example, in English, big red apple is strongly preferred to red big apple. Recently, Scontras et al. (2017) showed that an adjective's distance from the noun it modifies is best predicted by the adjective's subjectivity, with less subjective adjectives preferred closer to the modified noun. However, this finding was limited to English. The current study investigates the status of subjectivity-based adjective ordering preference in Tagalog, a language that forms its modification structures with the conjunction-like LINKER particle. Using Tagalog translations of the original English materials, we show that subjectivity predicts ordering preferences in Tagalog, as it does in English.

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Saturating syntax: Linkers and modification in Tagalog

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Cophonologies by Ph(r)ase

Cophonologies by Ph(r)ase

Internally and externally headed relative clauses in Tagalog

Adjective ordering in Tagalog: A cross-linguistic comparison of subjectivity-based preferences

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