Saturation by resonant up-conversion in Tb-doped phosphors

Raue, R.; Nieuwesteeg, K. J. B. M.; Busselt, W.

doi:10.1016/0022-2313(91)90175-u

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In addition, the impurity quenching can scarcely occur in view of the energy resonance. Accordingly, it is likely that a second type of cross relaxation ͑or up-conversion͒, 23 which is different from the previously mentioned 5 D 1 -5 D 0 cross relaxation, is responsible for the quenching of the 5 D 0 emission. To quench an ion in the 5 D 0 state, another adjacent ion should be in the 5 D 0 state.…”

Section: ͓3͔mentioning

confidence: 96%

Optimization of Gd[sub 2]O[sub 3]-Based Red Phosphors Using Combinatorial Chemistry Method

Seo

Sohn

Park

et al. 2002

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Combinatorial chemistry was applied to the optimization of (Gd 2ϪxϪy M x )O 3 :Eu y 3ϩ phosphors for displays. The (Gd 2ϪxϪy M x )O 3 :Eu y 3ϩ phosphor is a promising candidate for red field emission display ͑FED͒ phosphors. Screening was performed in terms of cathodoluminescence at a low voltage excitation and photoluminescence. We developed a ternary material library of a triangle-type composition array to obtain the optimum composition of co-dopants. Three co-dopants ͑Al, Ca, Mg͒ were introduced into Gd 2 O 3 :Eu 3ϩ . Gd 2 O 3 was a good host material for red FED phosphors at a low voltage excitation, and the cathodoluminescent efficiency of Al co-doped phosphor, ͑Gd 1.83 Al 0.05 ͒O 3 :Eu 0.12 3ϩ , was superior to that of the commercial red phosphor Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3ϩ . We also investigated the energy transfer between Eu 3ϩ ions by analyzing the decay curves of emissions originating from 5 D 0 energy states in terms of multipolar interactions. We can explain the quenching of emissions from 5 D 0 in terms of a newly proposed cross relaxation in association with an intercenter diffusion.There has been a growing interest in Eu 3ϩ doped red phosphors for applications in field emission or electroluminescent displays. The Gd 2 O 3 :Eu 3ϩ phosphor is a promising candidate material for red field emission display ͑FED͒ phosphors. The solution combinatorial chemistry 1,2 was adopted for optimized phosphor materials discovery. Xiang et al. developed the combinatorial approach to discover efficient red, green, blue ͑RGB͒ phosphors based on solid-state combinatorial chemistry. 3,4 Combinatorial methods make it possible to rapidly synthesize, process, and analyze large libraries ͑with hundreds to thousands of members͒, dramatically accelerating the rate at which these experiments can be designed, executed, and analyzed.Conventional solid-state combinatorial chemistry, in which phosphors are dealt with based on thin-film technology, is carried out on a large scale. A huge number of compounds are given on the small substrate and synthesized at one time, but the amount of each compound is too small to be characterized properly, and thin-film properties may be different from powder properties. 5-7 To overcome these problems, solution-based combinatorial chemistry has been developed and applied to the synthesis of phosphor powders. Thus, we adopt solution combinatorial chemistry in search of optimized phosphor materials. We have developed a scanning multi-injection delivery system to deliver microliter volumes of precursor solutions to sample sites rapidly and accurately. The combinatorial chemistry method adopted here makes it possible to characterize all the properties of an individual compound in the libraries in the same way as for a conventional individual powder sample. Thus, we can use conventional UV and cathodoluminescence ͑CL͒ spectroscopic techniques to measure all properties of a member compound in the libraries of materials.In our present combinatorial approach, we investigate the effect of some co-dopants on the CL eff...

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Section: ͓3͔mentioning

confidence: 96%

Optimization of Gd[sub 2]O[sub 3]-Based Red Phosphors Using Combinatorial Chemistry Method

Seo

Sohn

Park

et al. 2002

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The interaction parameters obtained in this paper are in the same order as the steady-state values. 6,8 More importantly, the estimated k 36 , k 44 , k 33 , and k 34 values increase with Tb 3ϩ concentration. Such a trend is quite sensible by referring to former analyses, 15,16 wherein the concentration dependence of interaction parameter has been well understood based on the number of interacting particles and their special distribution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…These upper levels are symbolized as UL in this paper. Raue et al 8 also verified experimentally the presence of the second type of cross relaxations using the excited state absorption measurement in several Tb 3ϩ activated phosphors. The analysis of decay kinetics could support such findings, but there has been no decay curve analysis that incorporates this innovative energy transfer scheme.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In addition, whereas the energy transfer in Tb 3ϩ activated yttrium aluminate garnet ͑YAG͒ has been investigated extensively, 1-4 the other Tb 3ϩ activated aluminates could be scarcely found. In this regard, we have investigated the YAP:Tb 3ϩ phosphor before, 7 and the YAM:Tb 3ϩ phosphor is now under our consideration based on a new energy transfer scheme.Raue et al 8 have proposed that the interactions between excited Tb 3ϩ ions take place, i.e., the second type of cross relaxation ͑or up-conversion͒. In most Tb 3ϩ activated systems, such upper levels as the 5d level of the Tb 3ϩ ion, Tb-O charge transfer level, and host level could participate in this cross relaxation process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Raue et al 8 have proposed that the interactions between excited Tb 3ϩ ions take place, i.e., the second type of cross relaxation ͑or up-conversion͒. In most Tb 3ϩ activated systems, such upper levels as the 5d level of the Tb 3ϩ ion, Tb-O charge transfer level, and host level could participate in this cross relaxation process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Energy Transfer Between Tb[sup 3+] Ions in Y[sub 4−x]Tb[sub x]Al[sub 2]O[sub 9] Phosphor

Sohn

Shin

2002

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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A generally known energy transfer route in Tb 3ϩ activated phosphors is the 5 D 3 → 5 D 4 cross relaxation and the subsequent 5 D 4 → defect impurity quenching. However, this mechanism is not satisfactory to explain the overall feature of measured decay curves of the 5 D 3 → 7 F j transition in the wide range of Tb 3ϩ concentrations. We suggested a new energy transfer scheme, where the 5 D 3 or 4 emission is quenched by the second type of cross relaxations from 5 D 3 or 4 to upper levels such as 5d, charge transfer, and host levels. While neither the rate equation model without the second type of cross relaxations nor Inokuti and Hirayama's equations are well-matched with the measured decay curves, the rate equation model including the second type of cross relaxations is in good agreement with the measured decay curves.We have investigated the energy transfer in Tb 3ϩ activated yttrium aluminate monoclinic ͑YAM͒ phosphors. The analysis of decay kinetics of Tb 3ϩ luminescence has been developed based on the conventional energy transfer scheme, the 5 D 3 → 5 D 4 cross relaxation and the subsequent 5 D 4 → defect impurity quenching. 1-6 On the other hand, there has been little attempt to confirm the presence of other energy transfers, which may take place in Tb 3ϩ activated systems. In addition, whereas the energy transfer in Tb 3ϩ activated yttrium aluminate garnet ͑YAG͒ has been investigated extensively, 1-4 the other Tb 3ϩ activated aluminates could be scarcely found. In this regard, we have investigated the YAP:Tb 3ϩ phosphor before, 7 and the YAM:Tb 3ϩ phosphor is now under our consideration based on a new energy transfer scheme.Raue et al. 8 have proposed that the interactions between excited Tb 3ϩ ions take place, i.e., the second type of cross relaxation ͑or up-conversion͒. In most Tb 3ϩ activated systems, such upper levels as the 5d level of the Tb 3ϩ ion, Tb-O charge transfer level, and host level could participate in this cross relaxation process. These upper levels are symbolized as UL in this paper. Raue et al. 8 also verified experimentally the presence of the second type of cross relaxations using the excited state absorption measurement in several Tb 3ϩ activated phosphors. The analysis of decay kinetics could support such findings, but there has been no decay curve analysis that incorporates this innovative energy transfer scheme. We developed the rate equations corresponding to the new energy transfer scheme, wherein besides the well-were taken into account. The calculated decay curves of 5 D 3 fluorescence based on the rate equation model were then fitted to the measured decay curves for various Tb 3ϩ concentrations. In fact, 5 D 4 fluorescence has been treated more often from the practical point of view. Nonetheless, we employed the decay curves of 5 D 3 fluorescence for the analysis because it has been customary to deal with the donor decay when the theoretical aspect is concerned. Even though the data are not present in this paper, the calculated decay curves of 5 D 4 fluorescence also matched ...

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Enlightenment on Luminescent Materials

Ronda

1997

Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Collective Excitations in Solids

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Saturation by resonant up-conversion in Tb-doped phosphors

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Optimization of Gd[sub 2]O[sub 3]-Based Red Phosphors Using Combinatorial Chemistry Method

Optimization of Gd[sub 2]O[sub 3]-Based Red Phosphors Using Combinatorial Chemistry Method

Energy Transfer Between Tb[sup 3+] Ions in Y[sub 4−x]Tb[sub x]Al[sub 2]O[sub 9] Phosphor

Enlightenment on Luminescent Materials

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