Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents of Different Ages: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

BackgroundAdolescence is a critical period for bone development, and peak bone mass may be reached in late adolescence. Boosting bone accumulation at this time can help preserve adult bone health and avoid osteoporosis later in life. Body mass index (BMI) has been found to have a favorable impact on bone mineral density (BMD) in previous research. However, excessive obesity is harmful to health and may lead to various systemic diseases. Therefore, finding an appropriate BMI to maintain a balance between obesity and BMD is critical for adolescents.MethodsThe datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2020 were used in a cross-sectional investigation. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the linear connection between BMI and BMD. Fitted smoothing curves and threshold effect analysis were used to describe the nonlinear relationship. Subgroup analyses were then conducted based on gender and age.ResultsThis population-based study included a total of 6,143 adolescents aged 8–19 years. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, a good association between BMI and total BMD was shown [0.014 (0.013, 0.014)]. This positive association was maintained in all subgroup analyses grouped by sex and age. Furthermore, the association between BMI and BMD was nonlinear with a saturation point present, as evidenced by smoothed curve fitting. According to the threshold effect study, with an age group of two years, adolescents of different ages had different BMI saturation values with respect to BMD.ConclusionsOur study showed a significant positive and saturated association between BMI and BMD in adolescents aged 8–19 years. Maintaining BMI at saturation values may reduce other adverse effects while achieving optimal BMD.

Osteoporose bei/durch Adipositas – Schutz oder Risiko?

“…Zusammenhänge zwischen den Gewichtsklassen und der Knochendichte werden in der Literatur vielfach aufgezeigt. Knochendichtemessung mittels DXA im Vergleich von Mädchen und Jungen sowie Frauen und Männern zeigen eine signifikante Korrelation von BMI und BMD in den Untersuchungen des National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) [27,28]. In den zitierten Studien wurde sowohl bei Kindern [28] als auch bei Erwachsenen im Alter über 50 Jahre [27] eine Sättigungskurve für die BMD ermittelt.…”

“…Knochendichtemessung mittels DXA im Vergleich von Mädchen und Jungen sowie Frauen und Männern zeigen eine signifikante Korrelation von BMI und BMD in den Untersuchungen des National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) [27,28]. In den zitierten Studien wurde sowohl bei Kindern [28] als auch bei Erwachsenen im Alter über 50 Jahre [27] eine Sättigungskurve für die BMD ermittelt. Bei den Kindern fiel der Anstieg der BMD pro Anstieg des BMI um einen Punkt im Alter von 8-15 Jahren am höchsten aus und deutlich geringer zwischen 16-19 Jahren.…”

Relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and bone mineral density in adolescents

“…[ 4 ] Risk factors for bone metabolism in adolescents have received increasing attention from researchers in recent years, and a number of biomarkers and chronic diseases have been shown to be significantly associated with BMD. [ 5 – 7 ]…”

“…[4] Risk factors for bone metabolism in adolescents have received increasing attention from researchers in recent years, and a number of biomarkers and chronic diseases have been shown to be significantly associated with BMD. [5][6][7] Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and one of the most prevalent chronic diseases, posing a significant global public health burden. More than a quarter of the population in both the United States and Asia now has NAFLD.…”

Effect of obesity status on adolescent bone mineral density and saturation effect: A cross-sectional study

“…To our knowledge, however, existing studies examining the effects of obese status on adolescent BMD and the existence of a saturation effect are insufficient and contentious. Although Yujuan et al (9). concluded that Body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with BMD in adolescents, their study did not adjust for some factors that have been shown to affect BMD in adolescents, such as regulating serum creatinine (10) and uric acid (11), and only considered BMI and did not consider indicators of other obesity conditions, such as waist circumference (WC) and body fat mass.…”