Saturation effects in the laser ablation of stainless steel in air at atmospheric pressure

Cabalı́n, L.M.; Romero, D.; Baena, J. M.; Laserna, J.J.

doi:10.1007/s002160051631

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Laser energy deposition at the boundary is smaller as compared to central ablated area because of the Gaussian distribution of the laser pulse. Shielding effects are therefore not dominant at peripheries due to lower irradiances (Cabalín et al, 1999;Bleiner, 2006). Hence, enhanced energy deposition with the increasing laser irradiance is responsible for the generation of these large size cones.…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The confinement and shielding effect (Farid et al, 2012;Cristoforetti et al, 2008;Cabalín et al, 1999;Bleiner et al, 2006), enhanced chemical reactivity along mechanical action (Hermann et al, 1993) and additional energies produced by laser supported heat, shock, and combustion waves (Bäuerle et al, 2011) of plasma effectively participate for the growth of various kinds of structures. The effect of nature and pressure of ambient gas on laser induced plasma temperature and number density, the surface morphology of the irradiated metallic targets and co-relation between them has been investigated (Khan et al, 2013;Bashir et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of laser irradiance on the surface morphology and laser induced plasma parameters of zinc

et al. 2014

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The effect of laser-irradiance on the surface morphology and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of zinc has been investigated by employing Nd:YAG laser (wavelength λ = 1064 nm, pulse duration t ~ 10 ns, and repetition rate = 10 Hz) under ambient environment of argon at a pressure of 20 Torr. For this purpose, zinc targets were exposed to various laser irradiances ranging from 13 GW/cm2 to 100 GW/cm2. Scanning electron microscope analysis has been performed to analyze the surface modification of irradiated zinc targets. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed the formation of various kinds of structures such as ripples, cones, cavities, and wave like ridges at the center and peripheral regions of ablated zinc. In the central ablated region with increasing laser irradiance, the growth of distinct and well defined ripples is observed. Further increase in irradiance makes the appearance of these ripples diffusive and narrow. In order to correlate the plasma parameters with the surface modification, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis has also been performed. The electron temperature and number density of zinc plasma have been evaluated at various laser irradiances. For both plasma parameters, an increasing trend up to a certain value of laser irradiance is observed which is due to enhanced energy deposition. Afterword a decreasing trend is achieved which is attributed to the shielding effect. With further increase in irradiance a saturation stage comes and almost no change in plasma parameters is observed. This saturation is explainable on the basis of the formation of a self-regulating regime near the target surface. A strong correlation between surface modification and plasma parameters is established.

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Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of laser irradiance on the surface morphology and laser induced plasma parameters of zinc

et al. 2014

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“…Spectra were acquired by accumulating a total of five laser shots in the same sample location. On the basis of previous investigations [17], the experimental conditions suitable for analysis of stainless steel were an acquisition time of 1 µs and a delay time of 1.5 µs after plasma formation; the beam was focused 1 mm inside the sample in order to improve the ablation efficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental set-up used in this study has been described in previous works [17,18]. Briefly, it consists of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (Continuum, model Surelite SLI-20, pulse width= 5 ns) operating at its fourth or second harmonic (266 nm or 532 nm, respectively).…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They included the study of the effect of focusing distance and laser-pulse energy on accuracy and limit of detection [16,17], the influence of sample surface topography [18,19] on spectral emission and analytical precision, the observation of plasma in a low-pressure atmosphere [20,21] and the application of double-pulse excitation to increase the removal material and, consequently, to improve the limit of detection [21,22,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-resolved laser-induced plasma spectrometry for determination of minor elements in steelmaking process samples

Romero

et al. 2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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A pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating on the fourth (266 nm) and second (532 nm) harmonics has been used to generate plasmas on the target surface in air at atmospheric pressure. The influence of wavelength on quantitative analysis of 4 minor elements in stainless steel samples (Si, Ti, Nb and Mo) was investigated. Stainless steel samples with different elemental concentrations were prepared and analyzed by laser-induced plasma spectrometry (LIPS). The effect of laser wavelength on analytical figures of merit (calibration curves, correlation coefficients, linear dynamic ranges, analytical precision, and accuracy values) was found to be negligible when internal standardization (an Fe line) and time-resolved laser-induced plasma are employed. For both wavelengths, the calibration curves presented a good linearity and an acceptable linear dynamic range in the concentration interval investigated. For the four elements studied, limits of detection lower than 150 microg g(-1) were achieved. To evaluate the influence of wavelength on precision and accuracy, a set of fifteen high-alloyed steel samples from different stages of steelmaking process have been analyzed. Finally, the long-term stability of the analytical measurements for Mo with 532 nm wavelength has been discussed. RSD values were lower than 5.3% for the elements studied.

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Emission enhancement in laser-produced plasmas on preheated targets

2012

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Saturation effects in the laser ablation of stainless steel in air at atmospheric pressure

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of laser irradiance on the surface morphology and laser induced plasma parameters of zinc

Effect of laser irradiance on the surface morphology and laser induced plasma parameters of zinc

Time-resolved laser-induced plasma spectrometry for determination of minor elements in steelmaking process samples

Emission enhancement in laser-produced plasmas on preheated targets

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