Sb doped Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ hollow spheres with enhanced lithium storage capability

Abstract

The Sb doped Li4Ti5O12 hollow spheres with an average diameter of around 3.5 μm were synthesized successfully via through a two-step process. Sb5+ doping can improve the capacity and maintain the cycling stability.

Challenges of Spinel Li4Ti5O12 for Lithium‐Ion Battery Industrial Applications

“…The common dopants in Li + sites include Na + , [80][81][82] K + , [82,83] Mg 2+ , [84] Ca 2+ , [85] Zn 2+ , [86] Cu 2+[87] and La 3+ , [88] including Fe 3+ , [89] Co 3+ , [90] Ni 3+ , [91] Al 3+ , [92][93][94] Cr 3+ , [91,95] La 3+ , [96] Pr 3+ , [97] Bi 3+ , [98] Sc 3+ , [99] Eu 2+/3+ , [100] Sm 3+ , [101] Gd 3+ , [102] Ti 3+ , [103] Mo 4+ , [104] Mn 4+ , [105] Ce 3+/4+ , [106] Sn 4+ , [107] Zr 4+ , [93,[108][109][110] Si 4+ , [109] V 5+ , [111,112] Ta 5+ , [113,114] Sb 5+ , [115] Nb 5+ [114,116] and W 6+ , [117] etc. The role of doping in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is thought to be based on the defect equilibrium that Ti 4+ in the octahedral 16d site of spinel lattice can be reduced to Ti 3+ by the aliovalent dopant, thereby intrinsically increasing the electron concentration of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 bulk.…”

Fabrication of Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 Nanosheets with Structural Defects as High-Rate and Long-Life Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…A variety of strategies, therefore, have been developed to improve the electrochemical performance of LTO, such as reducing the particle size 9 , doping with foreign atoms 10, 11 and coating with carbon materials 12 . However, as demonstrated in previous studies, it still remains a great challenge to concurrently obtain the LTO anode materials with both high energy density and high power density.…”

TiN-coated micron-sized tantalum-doped Li4Ti5O12 with enhanced anodic performance for lithium-ion batteries

“…Typical doublet Ti 4+ 2p peaks around 464.3 eV (Ti 2p1/2) and 458.5 eV (Ti 2p3/2) are observed for all samples [12,32]. There is no obvious new peak for the samples Oxidation of TiN to TiO 2 may occur at a wide range of temperatures (450~900 °C) in air [33][34][35][36][37][38].…”