Scalability improvement of the real-time control protocol (RTCP) leading to management facilities in the Internet

El-Marakby, R.; Hutchison, David

doi:10.1109/iscc.1998.702471

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Finally, we summarise the current status and outline future work. The present paper expands on the rationale and description given in (El-Marakby, 1998). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Scalability Scheme for the Real-time Control Protocol

El-Marakby

Hutchison

1998

High Performance Networking

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Recently, some problems related to using the Real-time Control Protocol (RTCP) in very large dynamic groups have arisen. Some of these problems are: feedback delay, increasing storage state at every member, and ineffective RTCP bandwidth usage, especially for receivers that obtain incoming RTCP reports through low bandwidth links. In addition, the functionality of some fields (e.g. packet loss fraction) in the Receiver Reports (RRs) becomes questionable as, currently, an increasing number of real-time adaptive applications are using receiver-based rate adaptive schemes instead of rate adaptation schemes based on the sender. This paper presents the design of a scalable RTCP (S-RTCP) scheme. S-RTCP is based on a hierarchical structure in which members are grouped into local regions. For every region, there is an Aggregator (AG) which receives the RRs sent by its local members. The AG extracts and summarises important information in the RRs, derives some statistics, and sends them to a Manager. The Manager performs additional statistical analysis to monitor the transmission quality and to estimate regions which are suffering ma<>sively from congestion. We believe that our S-RTCP alleviates some of the RTCP scalability problems encountered in very large dynamic groups and makes effective use of RRs with regard to the current changing requirement<> of real-time adaptive applications in the Internet today.

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“…Finally, we summarise the current status and outline future work. The present paper expands on the rationale and description given in (El-Marakby, 1998). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Scalability Scheme for the Real-time Control Protocol

El-Marakby

Hutchison

1998

High Performance Networking

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“…Let the session bandwidth BW T = 1 Mbps and the number of receivers be n T = 10 5 , n B = 32, PL RR = 500 B = 4000 b. From formula (10) we see that I = 3.33, i.e. a 4-level tree will be established.…”

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confidence: 99%

Large-Scale RTCP Feedback Optimization

Novotný

Komosný

2008

JNW

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Nowadays, multimedia streaming is a common service on the Internet including both fixed and mobile networks. The RTP protocol is usually used to transfer the media. The RTCP protocol is an accompanying protocol for the RTP and it is used for feedback transmission in order to control multimedia session behaviour. The issue is the bandwidth dedicated for the RTCP protocol. As defined in the RTP specification, it is limited to 5 % of the total allowed bandwidth. This is a limiting factor for large-scale media streaming services based on Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) since the RTCP bandwidth is shared among all the receivers. It causes large delays in sending feedback data from each receiver. For the purpose of solving this issue, a hierarchical structure of receivers with summarisation nodes has been proposed. The paper introduces an optimization of this hierarchical structure in order to achieve the lowest feedback transmission intervals. The proposal is supported by a simulation in Matlab environment. Furthermore, the paper deals with a design of a new protocol called Tree Transmission Protocol (TTP) that was proposed to organize session nodes into a hierarchical tree structure.

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“…The maximal allowed height of the hierarchical tree is set to 3 as recommended in [29]. In our approach, the overall summary report is a classification containing the number of receivers in each class and the mean behaviour of the class.…”

Section: Aggregators Organization Within the Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source and Channel Adaptive Rate Control for Multicast Layered Video Transmission Based on a Clustering Algorithm

Turletti

Salamatian

Guillemot

2004

EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.

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This paper introduces source-channel adaptive rate control (SARC), a new congestion control algorithm for layered video transmission in large multicast groups. In order to solve the well-known feedback implosion problem in large multicast groups, we first present a mechanism for filtering RTCP receiver reports sent from receivers to the whole session. The proposed filtering mechanism provides a classification of receivers according to a predefined similarity measure. An end-to-end source and FEC rate control based on this distributed feedback aggregation mechanism coupled with a video layered coding system is then described. The number of layers, their rate, and their levels of protection are adapted dynamically to aggregated feedbacks. The algorithms have been validated with the NS2 network simulator.

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Scalability improvement of the real-time control protocol (RTCP) leading to management facilities in the Internet

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

A Scalability Scheme for the Real-time Control Protocol

A Scalability Scheme for the Real-time Control Protocol

Large-Scale RTCP Feedback Optimization

Source and Channel Adaptive Rate Control for Multicast Layered Video Transmission Based on a Clustering Algorithm

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