Scalable and Reconfigurable Continuously Tunable Lithium Niobate Thin Film Delay Line Using Graphene Electrodes

Abstract

We propose a novel continuously tunable delay line in X-cut lithium niobate thin film driven by graphene electrodes, featuring low power consumption and low half-wave voltagelength product. The use of the graphene electrodes combined with the air slots makes the device quite low power consumption. Our designed device, which has a footprint of 8.9 mm  1.9 mm, is capable of providing a continuously tunable delay range from 0 to 100 ps with minimum 3 dB bandwidth of >20 GHz. By optimizing the width of the waveguide core and the distance between the graphene and the waveguide core, we can obtain the low power consumption and low voltage -length product VπL=1.12 V• cm at 1550 nm when w=2 μm and d=0.3 μm. In addition, the graphene electrode has negligible light absorption with w=2 μm and d=0.3 μm, the switching power is 151 mW without air slots, and the switching power is 95.36 mW with air slots etching depth of 5.3 μm formed on both sides of the waveguides. And further, the air slots formed on both sides and at the bottom of the waveguides make a low switching power of 2.85 mW.

Tunable hexagonal boron nitride topological optical delay line in the visible region

“…Furthermore, slow light can promote strong light-matter interaction, which offers possibilities for miniaturization and improvement of photonic devices. Optical delay lines (ODLs) are slow-light devices that can delay and temporarily store photons sufficiently long to enable quantum operations for optical buffering [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . Integratable quantum optical chips impose higher requirements on ODLs, such as tunability, ultracompactness, low loss (high transmittance), and broad bandwidth.…”

“…In general, a long delay time is preferred, which can be achieved by either enlarging L or reducing v g . Conventional ODL designs, such as microring resonators [3,4] , gratings [5,6] , and switchable and reconfigurable array delay lines [7][8][9] , rely on increasing L without tuning v g . As a result, those designs usually have millimeter sizes and are unsuitable for on-chip integration.…”

Electro-optically tunable optical delay line with a continuous tuning range of ∼220 fs in thin-film lithium niobate

“…Recently, several tunable ODLs based on TFLN on insulator [24][25][26] were demonstrated using the EO effects. Most of demonstrated tunable ODLs consist of several Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) optical switches which connect the segmented delay-line waveguides.…”

2022 Index IEEE Photonics Journal Vol. 14

“…6805204 Durak-Ata, L., see Ibrahim, A.A., 7312108 Dwivedi, V.K., see Pattanayak, D.R., 7307714 Dwivedi, V.K., see Pattanayak, D.R., 7314111 Muhaidat, S., see Bariah, L., 7308707 Muhaidat, S., see Naser, S., 7303111 Muhaidat, S., see Naser, S., JPHOT June 2022 7329910 Mumtaz, F., Roman, M., Zhang, B., Abbas, L.G., Ashraf, M.A., Fiaz, M.A., Dai, Y., JPHOT Aug. 2022 1536905 Narayanan, S., see Hsieh, M., 6557205 Naser, S., Bariah, L., Muhaidat, S., Al-Qutayri, M., and Sofotasios, P.C., An Effective Spatial Modulation Based Scheme for Indoor VLC Systems; JPHOT Feb. 2022 7314111 Naser, S., Bariah, L., Muhaidat, S., Al-Qutayri, M., Uysal, M., and Sofotasios, P., Space-Time Block Coded Spatial Modulation for Indoor Visible Light Communications; JPHOT Feb. 2022 7303111 Naser, S., Bariah, L., Jaafar, W., Muhaidat, S., Al-Qutayri, M., Gu, Z., He, L., Chen, Y., Lou, Y., Peng, J., Li, H., Xing, Y., Chu, Y., Dai, N., and Li, J., Kong, W., Huang, G., Hou, J., Luo, Y., Chen, T., Liu, X., and Shu, R., Long-Range Daytime 3D Imaging Lidar With Short Acquisition Time Based on 64×64 Gm-APD Array; JPHOT June 2022 6623407 Tan, C.S., see Son, B., JPHOT June 2022 6824406 Tan, H., Zhang, W., Chen, Y., Xia, Y., Newey, C., Chou, T., Sun, N., Butler, J.K., and Evans, G.A., Analysis of First-Order Gratings in Silicon Photonic Waveguides; JPHOT Dec. 2022 6659110 Tan, S., see Wang, Y., JPHOT April 2022 6621710 Tang, A., Xiong, G., Bin, L., and Shen, F., The Spatial Mapping of Interconversion Between Laguerre-Gaussian and Hermite-Gaussian Beams Array With an Astigmatism Phase; JPHOT Oct. 2022 6551007 Tang, D., see Huang, W., 1502803 Tang, H., see Tian, K., JPHOT Aug. 2022 1535707 Tang, J., Wu, J., Zhang, J., Ren, Z., Di, J., and Zhao, J., Single-Shot Diffraction Autofocusing: Distance Prediction via an Untrained Physics-Enhanced Network; 1504605 Tang, X., see Zhang, L., JPHOT Feb. 2022 7301707 + Check author entry for coauthors Tang, X., Wang, L., Cai, S., Mei, Q., and Zhang, Z., Symmetric Training Sequence-Based Carrier 5910605 Tian, Y., Cao, J., Chen, H., Liu, A., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., and Chen, J 7804907 Tong, X., see Gao, Z., JPHOT Feb. 2022 6504708 Tong, X., Hou, Z., Gao, Z., Zhang, P., Xing, W., Xu, D., Shen, J., and Li, C., High-Sensitivity Wang, T., Li, Y., Das, A., Chen, C., Chen, Y., and Ko, S., 7200506 Ullah, R., see Zheng, J., 6812406 Ullah, R., see Gu, Y., JPHOT June 2022 7230806 Ullah, R., see Chen, S., JPHOT Aug. 2022 7245907 Ullah, R., see Chen, S., JPHOT Aug. 2022 7244208 Ullah, R., see He, S., JPHOT Oct. 2022 7249707 Untracht, G., see K...…”

“…YYadav, A., see Ray, P.,JPHOT Oct. 2022 1553105 Yadav, A., Varshney, S.K., and Lahiri, B., Phonon Polaritons Assisted Extraordinary Transmission in α-MoO-Silver Grating and Its Application in Switching; JPHOT Dec. 2022 2256808 Yadav, P.K., see Pattanayak, D.R., JPHOT Dec. 2022 7364312 Yadav, S., see Sandeep, V., JPHOT Dec. 2022 7361114 cies; JPHOT June 2022 1533111 Zhao, X., see Dai, J., JPHOT Aug. 2022 3937711 Zhao, X., see Pang, X., JPHOT Oct. 2022 6553708 Zhao, X., see Li, S., JPHOT Dec. 2022 3762510 Zhao, Y., see Li, Q., JPHOT Feb. 2022 2212608 Zhao, Y., see Zhu, J., JPHOT Feb. 2022 2206106 Zhao, Y., Yan, W., Gao, Y., Yuan, Z., Ren, Z., Wang, X., Ding, J., and Wang, H., High-Precision Calibration of Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulators; JPHOT Feb. 2022 7402508 Zhao, Y., see Chen, J., JPHOT April 2022 7322309 Zhao, Y., see Dai, M., JPHOT June 2022 7133306 Zhao, Y., Song, Y., Li, G., Huang, Y., Bai, Y., Zhou, Y., and Hao, Q., CoGANet: Co-Guided Attention Network for Salient Object Detection; JPHOT Aug. 2022 7842812 Zhao, Y., see Huang, R., JPHOT Aug. 2022 6634907 Zhao, Y., He, W., Ren, H., Zhang, Y., and Fu, Y., Polarization Descattering Imaging of Underwater Complex Targets Based on Mueller Matrix Decomposition; JPHOT Oct. 2022 5052106 Zhao, Y., see Wang, L., JPHOT Oct.…”