Scalable chemical-vapour-deposition growth of three-dimensional graphene materials towards energy-related applications

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene materials, which are integrated using graphene structural units, show great promise for energy-related applications because of the high specific surface area, fast electron transport, and low density. Beyond solution-phase assembly of graphene sheets, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) has been recently introduced as a scalable, high-yield, and facile strategy for preparing 3D graphene materials with relatively high crystallinity and controllable layer numbers. Such 3D graphene structures have served as ideal platforms for constructing next-generation energy storage and conversion devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, and fuel cells. In this tutorial review, we focus on recent progress in the scalable CVD growth of 3D graphene materials (e.g., foams, shells, and hierarchical structures) as well as their applications in energy-related fields. First, we emphasize the role of substrate shape and composition (metal or non-metal) in the CVD growth of diverse 3D graphene materials. The related growth mechanisms of these 3D graphene materials are also analysed and discussed. Second, we demonstrate the applications of the CVD-derived 3D graphene materials in various energy-related devices. Finally, we conclude this review with our insights into the challenges and future opportunities for CVD synthesis as well as the application of such intriguing 3D graphene materials.

Effect of Graphene on Flame Retardancy of Graphite Doped Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) Coatings: Synergy or Antagonism

“…It speculates a balance between the viscosity, and the rate of expansion foaming during the combustion is crucial to form a continuous and compact shielding layer. Moreover, graphene is prepared using a chemical exfoliation route, which is scalable and of low cost [36]; there inevitably is a large number of defects in the graphene nano-sheet due to changes in its aromatic structure and formation of oxygen-containing groups [37,38]. Graphene is also contaminated with alkali metal salt by-products left from GO reduction synthesis due to increment of the interlayer spacing, leading to a significant decrease in its thermal stability [39].…”

High Capacitive Energy Storage of Nest‐Like Porous Graphene Microspheres Electrode with High Mass Loading

“…In contrast, the preparation mechanism of CVD‐derived graphene is based on in situ growth on substrates, which is significantly different from the above methods. The good properties of CVD‐derived graphene, in terms of SSA, abundant edge defects, purity, and electrical conductivity, are great merits of the CVD process . Therefore, the CVD method is a most promising method to prepare high‐quality graphene.…”

“…The good properties of CVD-derived graphene, in terms of SSA, abundant edge defects, purity,a nd electrical conductivity,a re great merits of the CVD process. [20] Therefore, the CVD method is am ost promising methodt op repare high-quality graphene. Generally,p owders and films were chosen ast emplates to produce graphene by the CVD method.…”

Influence of cooling-induced edge morphology evolution during chemical vapor deposition on H2 etching of graphene domains

“…Graphene as a 2D one-atom-thick sheet of carbon has drawn signicant attention for future opto-electronic applications [1][2][3][4][5] because of its novel properties. 6,7 Excellent graphene-based photoelectric devices require graphene processing techniques, such as optimized synthesis methods, [8][9][10] evolved etching techniques, [11][12][13] and surface modications.…”