Scalable ESPRIT Processor for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar

Abstract

The estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) is an algorithm that uses the shift-invariant properties of the array antenna to estimate the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of signals received in the array antenna. Since the ESPRIT algorithm requires high-complexity operations such as covariance matrix and eigenvalue decomposition, a hardware processor must be implemented such that the DOA is estimated in real time. Additionally, the ESPRIT processor should support a scalable number of antenna configuration for DOA estimation in various applications because the performance of ESPRIT depends on the number of antennas. Therefore, we propose an ESPRIT processor that supports two to eight scalable antenna configuration. In addition, since the proposed ESPRIT processor is based on multiple invariances (MI) algorithm, it can achieve a much better performance than the existing ESPRIT processor. The execution time is reduced by simplifying the Jacobi method, which has the most significant computational complexity for calculating eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) in ESPRIT. Moreover, the ESPRIT processor was designed using hardware description language (HDL), and an FPGA-based verification was performed. The proposed ESPRIT processor was implemented with 10,088 slice registers, 18,207 LUTs, and 80 DSPs, and the slice register, LUT, and DSP were reduced by up to 71.45%, 54.5%, and 68.38%, respectively, compared to the existing structure.

FMCW Radar Estimation Algorithm with High Resolution and Low Complexity Based on Reduced Search Area

“…In FMCW radar systems, to solve this problem of estimators based on FFT, subspace-based algorithms have been studied [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In [ 19 , 20 ], Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques (ESPRIT)-based algorithms are employed to accurately estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of targets. In [ 19 ], they estimated the DOA of targets by employing the ESPRIT algorithm.…”

“…Thus, they achieved higher angle resolution compared to the conventional ESPRIT algorithm. In [ 20 ], the authors tried to improve the angle resolution by employing the ESPRIT algorithm in FMCW radar systems. They proposed an ESPRIT processor with a scalable number of antennas, and designed the FPGA-based systems to verify the performance.…”

Microphone Array for Speaker Localization and Identification in Shared Autonomous Vehicles

“…The concept of shared mobility, such as car-sharing or rent-by-the-hour vehicles, 16 where passengers can partially or totally share the same trip, tend to become a common 17 practice present in modern societies [1]. At the same time, the technological advances in 18 the automotive industry have been highly contributing for the future of autonomous 19 vehicles in a sustainable urban mobility scenario [2,3].…”

An Overview of the nMPRA and nHSE Microarchitectures for Real-Time Applications

“…For these systems, predictability is a very important feature. The ability to develop RTOS hardware accelerators, hardware schedulers, or HW-RTOS alongside RTOSs will allow rapid response times (low latencies) to external stimuli and events, i.e., asynchronous events, and controllable deterministic behavior in both simulations and practical demonstration deployment using FPGA technology [ 5 ]. The objectives of the innovative solutions described in this paper are to design and validate a high-performance nMPRA (multi pipeline register architecture, where n is the degree of multiplication) and nHSE (hardware scheduler engine for n threads) microarchitectures by implementing RTOS-specific functions in hardware, minimizing the kernel latency.…”