Scalable fiber integrated source for higher-dimensional path-entangled photonic quNits

Schaeff, Christoph; Polster, Robert; Łapkiewicz, Radek; Fickler, Robert; Ramelow, Sven; Zeilinger, Anton

doi:10.1364/oe.20.016145

Cited by 59 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Error bars (if big enough to be seen) depict one sigma confidence with Poissionian count statistics assumed. ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5502 parallel 3 . In that case the waveguides or a fibre groove array could replace the multiple slits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, our results demonstrate a flexible way to create high-dimensional OAM entanglement. Most importantly, they show a way to implement an quantum interface between two approaches to high-dimensional quantum information: path encoding in waveguide structures for scalable, complex photonic quantum circuits including arbitrary unitary operation for higher-dimensional states 1,3 , and OAM encoding to distribute those high-dimensional quantum states [5][6][7][8][9] in a broad quantum network scenario.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A popular approach to increase the complexity of the set-up and the dimensionality of the observed system uses integration of optical elements on photonic chips. On these chips the most convenient way of encoding information is the path of the photons, which is inherently extendable to higher-dimensional systems 2,3 . Another possibility of encoding high-dimensional quantum information is the transverse spatial mode of light 4 .…”

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Interface between path and orbital angular momentum entanglement for high-dimensional photonic quantum information

et al. 2014

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Photonics has become a mature field of quantum information science, where integrated optical circuits offer a way to scale the complexity of the set-up as well as the dimensionality of the quantum state. On photonic chips, paths are the natural way to encode information. To distribute those high-dimensional quantum states over large distances, transverse spatial modes, like orbital angular momentum possessing Laguerre Gauss modes, are favourable as flying information carriers. Here we demonstrate a quantum interface between these two vibrant photonic fields. We create three-dimensional path entanglement between two photons in a nonlinear crystal and use a mode sorter as the quantum interface to transfer the entanglement to the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom. Thus our results show a flexible way to create high-dimensional spatial mode entanglement. Moreover, they pave the way to implement broad complex quantum networks where high-dimensionally entangled states could be distributed over distant photonic chips.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Interface between path and orbital angular momentum entanglement for high-dimensional photonic quantum information

et al. 2014

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“…There, different multilevel degrees of freedom, such as spatial modes (13), time-energy (14), path (15,16), as well as continuous variables (17,18), have been used. Entanglement of spatial modes of photons has especially attracted much attention in recent years (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), because it is readily available from optical nonlinear crystals and the number of involved modes of the entanglement can be very high (29).…”

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confidence: 99%

Generation and confirmation of a (100 × 100)-dimensional entangled quantum system

Krenn

Huber

Fickler

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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311

254

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Entangled quantum systems have properties that have fundamentally overthrown the classical worldview. Increasing the complexity of entangled states by expanding their dimensionality allows the implementation of novel fundamental tests of nature, and moreover also enables genuinely new protocols for quantum information processing. Here we present the creation of a (100 × 100)-dimensional entangled quantum system, using spatial modes of photons. For its verification we develop a novel nonlinear criterion which infers entanglement dimensionality of a global state by using only information about its subspace correlations. This allows very practical experimental implementation as well as highly efficient extraction of entanglement dimensionality information. Applications in quantum cryptography and other protocols are very promising.photonic spatial modes | quantum optics | Schmidt rank | entanglement witness Q uantum entanglement of distant particles leads to correlations that cannot be explained in a local realistic way (1-3). To obtain a deeper understanding of entanglement itself, as well as its application in various quantum information tasks, increasing the complexity of entangled systems is important. Essentially, this can be done in two ways. The first method is to increase the number of particles involved in the entanglement (4). The alternative method is to increase the entanglement dimensionality of a system.Here we focus on the latter one, namely on the dimension of the entanglement. The text is structured as follows. After a short review of properties and previous experiments, we present a unique method to verify high-dimensional entanglement. Then we show how we experimentally create our high-dimensional two-photon entangled state. We analyze this state with our method and verify a 100 × 100-dimensional entangled quantum system. We conclude with a short outlook to potential future investigations.High-dimensional entanglement provides a higher information density than conventional two-dimensional (qubit) entangled states, which has important advantages in quantum communication. First, it can be used to increase the channel capacity via superdense coding (5). Second, high-dimensional entanglement enables the implementation of quantum communication tasks in regimes where mere qubit entanglement does not suffice. This involves situations with a high level of noise from the environment (6, 7), or quantum cryptographic systems where an eavesdropper has manipulated the random number generator involved (8). Moreover, the entangled dimensions of the whole Hilbert space also play a very interesting role in quantum computation: high-dimensional systems can be used to simplify the implementation of quantum logic (9). Furthermore, it has been found recently (10) that any continuous measure of entanglement (such as concurrence, entanglement of formation, or negativity) can be very small, while the quantum system still permits an exponential computation speedup over classical machines. This is not the case for the dim...

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“…However, due to significant losses in the optical elements, the noisy weak projections differed quite significantly from ideal SIC-POVM projections. On the other hand, Schaeff et al [13], Meany et al [14], Spagnolo et al [15], and Perruzo et al [16] have recently exhibited the promise of integrated optics for quality quantum information demonstrations. In this paper, we present an alternative experimental approach to realizing qubit and qutrit SIC-POVMs using waveguide-based multiport devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental scheme for qubit and qutrit symmetric informationally complete positive operator-valued measurements using multiport devices

Tabia

2012

Phys. Rev. A

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It is crucial for various quantum information processing tasks that the state of a quantum system can be determined reliably and efficiently from general quantum measurements. One important class of measurements for this purpose is symmetric informationally complete positive operator-valued measurements (SIC-POVMs). SIC-POVMs have the advantage of providing an unbiased estimator for the quantum state with the minimal number of outcomes needed for full tomography. By virtue of Naimark's dilation theorem, any POVM can always be realized with a suitable coupling between the system and an auxiliary system and by performing a projective measurement on the joint system. In practice, finding the appropriate coupling is rather non-trivial. Here we propose an experimental design for directly implementing SIC-POVMs using multiport devices and path-encoded qubits and qutrits, the utility of which has recently been demonstrated by several experimental groups around the world. Furthermore, we describe how these multiports can be attained in practice with an integrated photonic system composed of nested linear optical elements.

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Scalable fiber integrated source for higher-dimensional path-entangled photonic quNits

Cited by 59 publications

References 33 publications

Interface between path and orbital angular momentum entanglement for high-dimensional photonic quantum information

Interface between path and orbital angular momentum entanglement for high-dimensional photonic quantum information

Generation and confirmation of a (100 × 100)-dimensional entangled quantum system

Experimental scheme for qubit and qutrit symmetric informationally complete positive operator-valued measurements using multiport devices

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